Related papers: Perturbative QCD theory (includes our knowledge of…
Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances language models' performance but often leads to inefficient "overthinking" on simple problems. We identify that existing approaches directly penalizing reasoning length fail to account for varying…
We are able to unify various disparate claims and results in the literature, that stand in the way of a unified description and understanding of human conflict. First, we provide a reconciliation of the numerically different exponent values…
Analytic QCD models are those where the QCD running coupling has the physically correct analytic behavior, i.e., no Landau singularities in the Euclidean regime. We present a simple analytic QCD model in which the discontinuity function of…
A strategy is a plan, method, or series of actions for obtaining a specified goal. A military strategy typically employs the threat or use of military force in opposition to an adversary, and is called upon where large scale force is viewed…
We provide three Fortran programs which evaluate the QCD analytic (holomorphic) couplings $\mathcal{A}_{\nu}(Q^2)$ for complex or real squared momenta $Q^2$. These couplings are holomorphic analogs of the powers $a(Q^2)^{\nu}$ of the…
Based on the nine-palace diagram, we establish the systematical geometric theory of arithmetic, which can realize the arithmetical addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations thoroughly in the mind. In this paper,…
Cellular automata are interacting classical bits that display diverse emergent behaviors, from fractals to random-number generators to Turing-complete computation. We discover that quantum cellular automata (QCA) can exhibit complexity in…
We report on recent progress on five-loop calculations in perturbative QCD. We discuss the computation of the perturbative quark condensate, decoupling in QCD, and the precision determination of charm and bottom quark masses. For the…
Quantum game theory offers a lot of interesting questions, and it is relevant to use the quantum information theory to resolve or improve games with lack of information : how to use the power of quantum entanglement to show the superiority…
We apply the Euler transformation to accelerate the convergence of the QCD perturbative series with the aim to determine the strong coupling $\alpha_s$ in terms of the total $\tau$-decay rate $r_\tau$. The variation of the result with the…
The physical aspect of a general perturbation theory is explored. Its role as a physical principle for understanding the interaction among matter with different levels of hierarchy is appreciated. It is shown that the generic perturbation…
Quantum theory was discovered in an adventurous way, under the urge to solve puzzles-like the spectrum of the blackbody radiation-that haunted the physics community at the beginning of the 20th century. It soon became clear, though, that…
How can pretrained language models (PLMs) learn factual knowledge from the training set? We investigate the two most important mechanisms: reasoning and memorization. Prior work has attempted to quantify the number of facts PLMs learn, but…
DY Gao solely or together with some of his collaborators applied his Canonical duality theory (CDT) for solving some quadratic optimization problems with quadratic constraints. Unfortunately, in almost all papers we read on CDT there are…
I offer an account of how the quantum theory we have helps us explain so much. The account depends on a pragmatist interpretation of the theory: This takes a quantum state to serve solely as a source of sound advice to physically situated…
We present and discuss a mixed conjunctive and disjunctive rule, a generalization of conflict repartition rules, and a combination of these two rules. In the belief functions theory one of the major problem is the conflict repartition…
Whenever one has witnessed some event and then sees it reported in the media, one's reaction is the same: "it was not quite like that". It is in this spirit of a frequent first-hand witness that I write this article. I discuss a few…
Two classically identical expressions for the mutual information generally differ when the two systems involved are quantum. We investigate this difference -- quantum discord -- and show that it can be used as a criterion for the…
These last years, there were many studies on the problem of the conflict coming from information combination, especially in evidence theory. We can summarise the solutions for manage the conflict into three different approaches: first, we…
This paper elaborates on four previously proposed rules of engagement between conscious states and physiological states. A new rule is proposed that applies to a continuous model of conscious brain states that cannot precisely resolve…