Related papers: An introduction to Pomerons
The persistence length of macromolecules is one of their basic characteristics, describing their intrinsic local stiffness. However, it is difficult to extract this length from physical properties of the polymers, different recipes may give…
Large language models (LLMs) are regularly evaluated using benchmark datasets. But what justifies making inferences about an LLM's capabilities based on its answers to a curated set of questions? This paper first introduces a formal…
I discuss the current status of the comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental data, relevant to the production of open charm and bottom quarks in photon-hadron and photon-photon collisions. I advocate the use of a…
The intrinsic difficulties in building realistic climate models and in providing complete, reliable and meaningful observational datasets, and the conceptual impossibility of testing theories against data imply that the usual Galilean…
Despite achieving state-of-the-art performance on many NLP tasks, the high energy cost and long inference delay prevent Transformer-based pretrained language models (PLMs) from seeing broader adoption including for edge and mobile…
While modern physics and biology satisfactorily explain the passage from the Big Bang to the formation of Earth and the first cells to present-day life, respectively, the origins of biochemical life still remain an open question. Since…
Neutrino experiments study the least understood of the Standard Model particles by observing their direct interactions with matter or searching for ultra-rare signals. The study of neutrinos typically requires overcoming large backgrounds,…
We note that the definition of diffractive events is a matter of convention. We discuss two possible `definitions': one based on unitarity and the other on Large Rapidity Gaps (LRG) or Pomeron exchange. LRG can also arise from fluctuations…
This lightning talk paper discusses an initial data set that has been gathered to understand the use of software in research, and is intended to spark wider interest in gathering more data. The initial data analyzes three months of articles…
As machine learning systems become ubiquitous, there has been a surge of interest in interpretable machine learning: systems that provide explanation for their outputs. These explanations are often used to qualitatively assess other…
The pure lepton decay of the polarized muon is considered, accounting for a new tensor interaction which is outside of the Michel local interactions. This interaction leads to new energy distribution and polarization of the final charged…
To date, quantum mechanics has proven to be our most successful theoretical model. However, it is still surrounded by a "mysterious halo" that can be summarized in a simple but challenging question: Why quantum phenomena are not understood…
Ascribing to inanimate matter a possibility to receive, work on and transfer information allows us to explain quantum-mechanical phenomena including "delayed-choice"- and "Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)"-type experiments adhering to the…
I summarize 40 years of development of the standard solar model that is used to predict solar neutrino fluxes and then describe the current uncertainties in the predictions. I will also attempt to explain why it took so long, about three…
We look at various features of the Standard Model with the purpose of exploring some possibilities of how to seek physical laws beyond it, i.e. at even smaller distances. Only parameters and structure which are not calculable from the…
Beginning with McCarthy's Advice Taker (1959), AI has pursued the goal of providing a system with explicit, general knowledge and having the system reason over that knowledge. However, expressing the knowledge in a formal (logical or…
Equations are proposed for the description of the fermion interaction via massive and massless bosons. These equations lead to the propagators which maintain theory renormalization. These equations are also invariant with respect to the…
The growing need for trustworthy machine learning has led to the blossom of interpretability research. Numerous explanation methods have been developed to serve this purpose. However, these methods are deficiently and inappropriately…
The physical meaning of the EPR--chameleon experiment proposed in AcRe00b,AcRe01a, in which the EPR correlations are reproduced by local, independent, deterministic choices is re-examined. In addition we extend the mathematical model of…
We review the science case for studying CMB polarization. We then discuss the main issues related to the analysis of forth-coming polarized CMB data, such as those expected from balloon-borne (e.g. BOOMERanG) and satellite (e.g. Planck)…