Related papers: Electromagnetic Fields in the QCD Vacuum
We recall how nearly half a century ago the proposal was made to explore the structure of the quantum vacuum using slow heavy-ion collisions. Pursuing this topic we review the foundational concept of spontaneous vacuum decay accompanied by…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory governing the strong interaction of particles. It describes the interactions that bind quarks and gluons into protons and neutrons, and binds these into nuclei. We believe QCD to be as fundamental…
This review deals with the structure of hadrons, strongly interacting many-body systems consisting of quarks and gluons. These systems have a size of about 1 fm, which shows up in scattering experiments at low momentum transfers $Q$ in the…
We apply effective field theory techniques to study several heavy quark systems. The topics analysed include the singlet static QCD potential, anomalous dimensions in SCET and a comprehensive study of semi-inclusive radiative heavy…
The strong interaction - governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - shapes the structure of the visible universe. At about 10 $\mu$s after the big bang, the primordial matter made up of quarks and gluons plus leptons, photons and neutrinos,…
We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from…
Open problems in the study of the nucleon structure using electromagnetic probes are discussed. The focus is on experimental aspects in the regime of strong interaction QCD. Significant progress in our understanding of the nucleon structure…
The response of the QED vacuum in an asymptotically large electromagnetic field is studied. In this regime the vacuum energy is strongly influenced by the vacuum polarization effect. The possible interaction between the virtual…
Just as Quantum Electrodynamics describes how electrons are bound in atoms by the electromagnetic force, mediated by exchange of photons, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) describes how quarks are bound inside hadrons by the strong force,…
We are doubtlessly familiar with some edition of Jackson's tome on electrodynamics, and Schwinger's calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron in QED. From the perspective of strong interactions, however, electromagnetic…
This short review deals with the manifestations of the vacuum structure of non-Abelian gauge theories in high-energy scattering. Specifically, it concentrates on instanton-induced hard scattering processes, both in the electroweak gauge…
Topological excitations in the QCD vacuum take the form of coherent codimension one sheets with positive and negative sheets juxtaposed in a dipole layer. These sheets may be interpreted as Luscher's "Wilson bags," which are domain walls…
The problem of the structure of nucleons and their interaction in the concept of nonperturbative QCD is discussed as an approach to studying the transformation of current quarks into constituent ones and the search for the mechanism of such…
I discuss several roles of the strong electromagnetic fields created by relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These phenomena call for theoretical and experimental developments to understand dynamics of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) as well as…
Heavy quarks have been instrumental for progress in our exploration of strong interactions. Quarkonium in particular, a heavy quark-antiquark nonrelativistic bound state, has been at the root of several revolutions. Quarkonium is endowed…
The inclusion of electromagnetic effects in unquenched QCD can be accomplished using ensembles generated in dynamical simulations with pure QCD provided the change in the quark determinant induced by a weak electromagnetic field can be…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory of strong interactions. It describes the behavior of quarks and gluons which are the smallest known constituents of nuclear matter. The difficulties in solving the theory at low…
I give a brief overview of experimental studies of the spectrum and the structure of the excited states of the nucleon and what we learn about their internal structure. The focus is on the effort to obtain a more complete picture of the…
One dimensional confinement in waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) plays a crucial role to enhance light-matter interactions and to induce a strong quantum nonlinear optical response. In two or higher dimensional settings, this response…
In quantum field theory, bare particles are dressed by a cloud of virtual particles to form physical particles. The virtual particles affect properties such as the mass and charge of the physical particles, and it is only these modified…