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We perform a systematic study on the twist-3 gluon distribution and fragmentation functions which appear in the collinear twist-3 factorization for hard inclusive processes. Three types of twist-3 distribution and fragmentation functions,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-18 Yuji Koike , Kenta Yabe , Shinsuke Yoshida

We revisit the scale evolution of the quark and gluon spin contributions to the proton spin, $\frac{1}{2}\Delta \Sigma$ and $\Delta G$, using the three-loop results for the spin-dependent evolution kernels available in the literature. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-03-13 Daniel de Florian , Werner Vogelsang

We have obtained a general solution of evolution equations for QCD twist-2 string operators in form of expansion over complete set of orthogonal eigenfunctions of evolution kernels in coordinate-space representation. In the leading…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 N. Kivel , L. Mankiewicz

The proton spin puzzle is a longstanding problem in high-energy nuclear physics: how the proton spin distributes among the spin and orbital angular momenta of the quarks and gluons inside. Two of the unresolved pieces of the puzzle are the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-29 Yossathorn Tawabutr

We obtain the complete Lie point symmetry algebras of two sequences of odd-order evolution equations. This includes equations that are fully-nonlinear, i.e. nonlinear in the highest derivative. Two of the equations in the sequences have…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-10-23 Marianna Euler , Norbert Euler

We study a spin chain for a confining string that arises at first order in degenerate perturbation from the strong-coupling expansion of the Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian on a square lattice in the leading large $N$ expansion. We show some…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-09 David Berenstein , Hiroki Kawai

It is shown that twist-3 fragmentation functions in the large-$N_c$ limit of QCD obey the DGLAP evolution equations. The anomalous dimensions are found explicitly. The Gribov-Lipatov reciprocity is violated at the twist-3 level in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 A. V. Belitsky

We introduce families of one-dimensional Lindblad equations describing open many-particle quantum systems that are exactly solvable in the following sense: $(i)$ the space of operators splits into exponentially many (in system size)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-12-15 Fabian H. L. Essler , Lorenzo Piroli

We study the QCD evolution for the twist-three quark-gluon correlation functions associated with the transverse momentum odd quark distributions. Different from that for the leading twist quark distributions, these evolution equations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-07-09 Jian Zhou , Feng Yuan , Zuo-Tang Liang

The question of complete integrability of evolution equations associated to $n\times n$ first order isospectral operators is investigated using the inverse scattering method. It is shown that for $n>2$, e.g. for the three-wave interaction,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-26 R. Beals , D. H. Sattinger

In this paper we derive an integral equation for the evolution of unintegrated (longitudinally) polarized quark and gluon parton distributions. The conventional CCFM framework is extended at small x in order to incorporate the QCD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Jan Kwiecinski , Martin Maul

The recently proposed nonlinear evolution equation \cite{Kutak:2013hda} for unintegrated gluon densities valid for large values of the QCD coupling constant $\bar{\alpha} _s$ is presented. In particular we outline its derivation, numerical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-06-24 Krzysztof Kutak

The classical spin system consisting of three spins with Heisenberg interaction is an example of a completely integrable mechanical system. In this paper we explicitly calculate its time evolution and the corresponding action-angle…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt

The anomalous dimensions of trilinear-quark operators are calculated at leading twist $t=3$ by diagonalizing the one-gluon exchange kernel of the renormalization-group type evolution equation for the nucleon distribution amplitude. This is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Bergmann , W. Schroers , N. G. Stefanis

Parton evolution equations in QCD are controlled by the anomalous dimensions of gauge-invariant twist-two spin-$N$ quark and gluon operators. Under renormalization, these mix with gauge-variant operators of the same quantum numbers,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-11 G. Falcioni , F. Herzog , S. Moch , S. Van Thurenhout

The scattering of a baryon consisting of three massive quarks is investigated in the high energy limit of perturbative QCD. A model of a relativistic proton-like wave function, dependent on valence quark longitudinal and transverse momenta…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-18 J. Bartels , L. Motyka

We recursively construct tree-level electromagnetic and gravitational Compton amplitudes of higher-spin massive particles by the all-line transverse momentum shift. With three-point amplitude as input, we demonstrate that higher-point…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-04 Yohei Ema , Ting Gao , Wenqi Ke , Zhen Liu , Ishmam Mahbub

We use Lorentz invariance and the QCD equations of motion to study the evolution of functions that appear at leading (zeroth) order in a 1/Q expansion in azimuthal asymmetries. This includes the evolution equation of the Collins…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 P. J. Mulders , A. A. Henneman , D. Boer

In a previous publication, we have constructed a set of non-linear evolution equations for dipole scattering amplitudes in QCD at high energy, which extends the Balitsky-JIMWLK hierarchy by including the effects of fluctuations in the gluon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-25 E. Iancu , D. N. Triantafyllopoulos

Working in the light-cone gauge, we find a simple procedure to calculate the autonomous one-loop Q^2 evolution of the twist-three part of the nucleon g_T(x, Q^2) structure function in the large-N_c limit. Our approach allows us to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-09-13 Xiangdong Ji , Jonathan Osborne