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The order parameter of the smectic liquid crystal phase is the same as that of a superfluid or superconductor, namely a complex scalar field. We show that the essential difference in boundary conditions between these systems leads to a…
It is shown that the minimal Left-Right symmetric model admits cosmic string, domain wall and conditionally, monopole solutions. The strings arise when the $SU(2)_R$ is broken and can either be destabilized at the electroweak scale or…
After recalling a few basic concepts from cosmology and string theory, I will discuss the main ideas/assumptions underlying string cosmology and show how these lead to a two-parameter family of ``minimal" models. I will then explain how to…
We analyse the dipole solution of heterotic string theory in four dimensions. It has the structure of monopole and anti-monopole connected by flux line (string). Due to growing coupling near the poles, the length of the string diverges.…
In this article we show that finite perturbative corrections in non-supersymmetric strings can be understood via an interplay between modular invariance and misaligned supersymmetry. While modular invariance is known to be crucial in…
We study static, spherically symmetric, composite global-local monopoles with a direct interaction term between the two sectors in the regime where the interaction potential is large. At some critical coupling the global defect disappears…
Conventionally, symmetry-protected topological phases and band crossings are protected by global symmetries acting on the entire system. Here, we show that symmetries preserved only on a partial region of a system, termed local support…
We review the current observational status of string cosmology when confronted with experimental datasets. We begin by defining common observational parameters and discuss how they are determined for a given model. Then we review the…
We develop the cosmological perturbations formalism in models with a single non-local scalar field originating from the string field theory description of the rolling tachyon dynamics. We construct the equation for the energy density…
We present a general algorithm which permits to construct solutions in string cosmology for heterotic and type-IIB superstrings in four dimensions. Using a chain of transformations applied in sequence: conformal, T-duality and SL(2,R)…
Topological defects (such as monopoles, vortex lines, or domain walls) mark locations where disparate choices of a broken symmetry vacuum elsewhere in the system lead to irreconcilable differences. They are energetically costly (the energy…
In these lectures we review the constraints on particle physics models arising from cosmic defects. This includes constraints on theories where stable cosmic string loops, or vortons result. These can arise in supersymmetric theories. We…
We have numerically calculated topological andnon-topological solitons in two spatial dimensions with Chern-Simons term. Their quantum stability, as well as that of the Maxwell vortex, is analyzed by means of bounce instantons which involve…
Simple functional relations amongst standard model couplings, including gravitional, are conjectured. Possible implications for cosmology and future theory are discussed.
In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 57, p. 1550 (1998)] we demonstrated that the symmetries of the evolution equation and the target state have a profound effect on the selection of the admissible control parameters. In the present paper we…
We employ molecular dynamics simulations to explore how internal flexibility affects phase transitions in soft-matter systems composed of dimers interacting via a core-softened potential with two characteristic length scales. Monomers are…
A local criterion of topological phase transitions is established based on the Morse theory: a topological phase transition occurs when the count of Morse critical points of the order function changes. The locations in space where this…
Stability of synchronization in delay-coupled networks of identical units generally depends in a complicated way on the coupling topology. We show that for large coupling delays synchronizability relates in a simple way to the spectral…
These are notes of a series of lectures on mirror symmetry and topological string theory given at the Mathematical Sciences Center at Tsinghua University. The N=2 superconformal algebra, its deformations and its chiral ring are reviewed. A…
This article discusses how the individual morphological properties of basic objects (e.g. neurons, molecules and aggregates), jointly with their particular spatial distribution, can determine the connectivity and dynamics of systems…