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The Refined Gribov-Zwanziger framework takes into account the existence of equivalent gauge field configurations in the gauge-fixing quantization procedure of Euclidean Yang-Mills theories. Recently, this setup was extended to the family of…
We review the basic elements of the geometrical formalism for description of gauge fields and the theory of invariant connections, and their applications to the coset space dimensional reduction of Yang-Mills theories. We also discuss the…
A world-sheet sigma model approach is applied to string theories dual to four-dimensional gauge theories, and semi-classical soliton solutions representing highly excited string states are identified which correspond to gauge theory…
A gauge system is a classical field theory where among the fields there are connections in a principal G-bundle over the space-time manifold and the classical action is either invariant or transforms appropriately with respect to the action…
It is possible to formulate light-cone gauge string field theory in noncritical dimensions. Such a theory corresponds to conformal gauge worldsheet theory with nonstandard longitudinal part. We study the longitudinal part of the worldsheet…
We revisit the formulation of non-relativistic (NR) string theory and its target space geometry. We obtain a new formulation in which the geometry contains a two-form field that couples to the tension current and that transforms under…
The issue of gauge invariances in the sigma model formalism is discussed at the free and interacting level. The problem of deriving gauge invariant interacting equations can be addressed using the proper time formalism. This formalism is…
We show that in a spontaneously broken effective gauge field theory, quantized in a general background $R_\xi$-gauge, also the background fields undergo a non-linear (albeit background-gauge invariant) field redefinition induced by…
The classical Yang--Mills equations are analyzed within the geometrical framework of an effective gravity theory. Exact analytical solutions are derived for the cylindrically symmetric configurations of the coupled gauge and isoscalar…
A manifestly gauge invariant and regularized renormalization group flow equation is constructed for pure SU(N) gauge theory in the large N limit. In this way we make precise and concrete the notion of a non-perturbative gauge invariant…
String theory gives S matrix elements om which is not possible to read any gauge information. Using factorization we go off shell in the simplest and most naive way and we read which are the vertices suggested by string. To compare with the…
We define entanglement entropy in string perturbation theory using the orbifold method -- a stringy analog of the replica method in field theory. To this end, we use the Newton series to analytically continue in $N$ the partition functions…
It is shown that the string equation can be obtain from field equations. Such work is performed to scalar field. The equation obtained in nonrelativistic limit describes the nonlinear string. Such string has the effective elasticity…
We study gauge invariant operators of open string field theory and find a precise correspondence with on-shell closed strings. We provide a detailed proof of the gauge invariance of the operators and a heuristic interpretation of their…
We show that a-gauge, a class of covariant gauges developed for bosonic open string field theory, is consistently applied to the closed string field theory. A covariantly gauge-fixed action of massless fields can be systematically derived…
A relativistic string is usually represented by the Nambu-Goto action in terms of the extremal area of a 2-dimensional timelike submanifold of Minkowski space. Alternatively, a family of classical solutions of the string equation of motion…
A general algorithm is presented which gives a closed-form expression for an arbitrary perturbative diagram of cubic string field theory at any loop order. For any diagram, the resulting expression is given by an integral of a function of…
We present a series of new gauge invariant quantities in Witten's open string field theory. They are defined for a given set of open string states which satisfy the physical state condition around a classical solution. For known classical…
The standard formulation of gauge theories results from the Lagrangian (functional integral) quantization of classical gauge theories. A more intrinsic qunantum theoretical access in the spirit of Wigner's representation theory shows that…
This paper is devoted to the study of closed string field theory in two dimensions. We compare two different approaches: BRST closed string field theory and the string effective Lagrangian. We show that the quadratic action and the pole…