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The algebraic theory of third-order tensors under the $t$-product is naturally formulated over the complex field via Fourier block diagonalization. However, many applications require real-valued representations. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Faustino Maciala , Cláudia M. Araújo , Pedro Patrício

We investigate one-particle semi-inclusive processes in lepton-hadron scattering. In unpolarized scattering order $Q^{-1}$ corrections appear only when transverse momenta are detected. We consider the twist two and three matrix elements and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-12-15 J. Levelt , P. J. Mulders

The factorisation of the hard amplitude for exclusive meson production in deep inelastic scattering is considered in the framework of a simple model. It is demonstrated explicitly how gauge invariance ensures the cancellation of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Hebecker , P. V. Landshoff

We calculate twist--4 coefficient functions for the deep inelastic structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ associated to 4--gluon operator matrix elements for general values of the Bjorken variable $x$ and study the numerical effect on the slope…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 J. Blümlein , V. Ravindran , J. Ruan , W. Zhu

$^3$He spin-dependent structure functions, $g^3_1(x)$ and $g^3_2(x)$, which parametrize the hadronic tensor in polarized deep-inelastic scattering, were evaluated within the Poincar\'e covariant light-front framework. The Bakamjian-Thomas…

The spin dependent structure function, g2ww(x,Q^2), is calculated in the valon model. A simple approach is given for the determination of the twist-3 part of the g2(x, Q^2) in Mellin space; thus, enabling us to obtain the full transverse…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-08-13 Z. Alizadeh Yazdi , A. Tahamtan , F. Taghavi-Shahri , F. Arash , M. E. Zomorrodian

We start from an MIT-bag model calculation which provides information about the constituent quark distributions in the nucleon. The constituent quarks, however, are themselves considered as complex objects whose partonic substructure is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-25 J. Keppler , H. M. Hofmann

It is known the single transverse spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering can be factorized by a twist-3 distribution function $T_F$, which contains a gluon field strength tensor. With transverse gluon included in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-05-07 G. P. Zhang

This study explores the heavy-quark contributions to polarized structure functions in deep-inelastic scattering at next-to-leading order. The structure functions $g_1$, $g_4$, $g_5$, $g_6$, and $g_7$ are computed, while $g_2$ and $g_3$ are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-12 Edoardo Spezzano , Tomas Jezo , Michael Klasen , Ingo Schienbein

We discuss the relations between the twist 2 and twist 3 contributions to polarized deep-inelastic scattering structure functions both for neutral and charged current interactions which are predicted by the operator product expansion in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Blümlein , N. Kochelev

We show that respecting the underlying Lorentz structure in the parton model has very strong consequences. Failure to insist on the correct Lorentz covariance is responsible for the existence of contradictory results in the literature for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-06 U. D'Alesio , E. Leader , F. Murgia

The interaction dependent part of the $x^2$-moment of the twist-3 polarized parton distribution $g_2(x)$ is related to the transverse force acting on the active quark in deep-inelastic scattering off a transversely polarized nucleon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-11-19 Matthias Burkardt

We report on the first calculation of the structure function g_1 in polarised deep-inelastic scattering to the third order in massless perturbative QCD. The calculation follows the dispersive approach already used for the corresponding…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Vogt , S. Moch , M. Rogal , J. A. M. Vermaseren

We study deep inelastic scattering (DIS) of charged leptons from polarised spin-1/2 hadrons in terms of the gauge/gravity duality. We calculate the structure functions related to spin-1/2 fermionic operators of ${\cal {N}}=4$ SYM theory in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-15 David Jorrin , Gustavo Michalski , Martin Schvellinger

We investigate structure functions in deep inelastic scattering processes (DIS) at Bj\"{o}rken limit and found that they are factorized into the longitudinal and transversal parts. We see that the longitudinal part can be linked to exact…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-18 H. Babujian , M. Karowski , A. Sedrakyan

We discuss a higher-twist factorization procedure of the hadron tensor in deep inelastic scattering, proposed by Qiu, and extend it to include quark mass terms. Its property that the hard scattering parts are electromagnetic gauge invariant…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Boer , R. D. Tangerman

We analyze the breaking of the Wandzura-Wilczek relation for the g_2 structure function, emphasizing its connection with transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions. We find that the relation is broken by two distinct…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Alberto Accardi , Alessandro Bacchetta , W. Melnitchouk , Marc Schlegel

The cross section for semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering can be decomposed in terms of 18 structure functions. At low transverse momentum of the detected hadron, the structure functions can be expressed in terms of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alessandro Bacchetta

The combination of transverse momentum and polarization effects in hard scattering processes, e.g polarized deep-inelastic leptoproduction, results in a rich variety of information on the hadronic structure. This information is encoded in a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Jakob , P. J. Mulders

We study a transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization framework for the processes of di-jet and heavy meson pair production in deep-inelastic-scattering in an electron-proton collider, considering the measurement of the transverse…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Rafael F. del Castillo , Miguel G. Echevarria , Yiannis Makris , Ignazio Scimemi