Related papers: Neutrinos and Electromagnetic Gauge Invariance
Two models with $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_N$ gauge symmetry are considered. We show that the masslessness of the photon does not prevent the neutrinos from acquiring Majorana masses. That is, there is no relation between the VEVs…
The inconsistence of Dirac-Weyl field equations with the universal U(1) gauge invariance of neutrinos in quantum mechanics led to generalize the special relativity to the generic relativity, which was composed of the special relativity and…
It is supposed that the electron neutrino mass is related to the structures and masses of the $W^\pm$ and $Z^0$ bosons. Using a composite model of fermions (described elsewhere), it is shown that the massless neutrino is not consistent with…
The gauge principle is a cornerstone of particle-physics model building. Nevertheless, many constructions leave certain global $U(1)$ redundancies ungauged. In this work, we take the gauge principle to its logical extreme by promoting all…
We consider the noncommutative standard model based on $SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$. We study the gauge transformation of right handed neutrino and its direct interaction with photon in the noncommutative space-time. We show that the…
Gauge invariance is extended to allow to allow for a U(1)-SU(2) mixing term, which can cause a SU(2) deconfining transition.
Some of basic problems in neutrino physics such as new energy scales, the enormous gap between neutrino masses and the lightest charged fermion mass, possible existance of sterile neutrinos in eV mass range are studied in the local gauge…
We propose a new $\mathrm{SU}(3)_C \otimes \mathrm{SU}(2)_{L}\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)_{Y}\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)_{X}$ gauge model which is non universal respect to the three fermion families of the Standard Model. We introduce additional one…
The electroweak unification group $G\equiv SU(2)_L\times U(1)_e\times U(1)_\mu\times U(1)_\tau$ in which each fermion multiplet has its own $U(1)$ factor was proposed in 1986 to get the neutrino mass matrix. In this paper, the gauge group G…
Lorentz invariance is one of the basic ingredients of quantum field theories and violations of it are stringently constrained experimentally. Therefore, the possibility of Lorentz violation (LV) is usually realized at very high energy…
Massive neutrino is an evidence of new physics beyond the Standard Model. One of the well motivated new physics scenarios is a model with gauged lepton flavor symmetry. We investigate neutrino properties in the minimal…
We consider a model for the electroweak interactions with $SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_N$ gauge symmetry. We show that, it is the conservation of $F=L+B$ which forbids massive neutrinos and the neutrinoless double beta decay, $(\beta\beta)_{0\nu}$.…
The process $e^+e^-\rightarrow \bar \nu_e e^-W^+ \rightarrow\bar\nu_e e^-u\bar d$ is considered as an example of the problems associated with maintaining gauge invariance in matrix elements involving unstable particles. It is shown how to…
We review the status of a class of gauge unified models based on SO(10) group and discuss the main phenomenological implications of these models in particular for neutrino masses.
It is well known that the differences between the lepton numbers can be gauged with the Standard Model matter content. Such extended gauge theories, dubbed as the gauged U(1)$_{L_\alpha - L_\beta}$ models, have been widely discussed so far…
The proof of gauge invariance of the quantum electrodynamics of photons and electrons does not apply directly to the quantum electrodynamics of photons, electrons, and nuclei because multi-electron atoms belong to the space of asymptotic…
Efforts to unify group-theoretically the standard-model gauge interactions with the generation structure of fermions and their mirror partners should be accompanied with the unification of the corresponding gauge couplings. In this paper…
We consider SU(2)_L x U(1) gauge invariant generalizations of a nonlocal, Lorentz violating mass term for neutrinos that preserves a SIM(2) subgroup. This induces Lorentz violating effects in QED as well as tree-level lepton family number…
We investigate how neutrinos may acquire small electric charges within the Standard Model framework while preserving electromagnetic gauge invariance. Instead of gauging the standard hypercharge generator $Y$, a linear combination of $Y$…
Naturally light singlet neutrinos which mix with the usual doublet neutrinos are possible if the supersymmetric standard gauge model is extended to include a specific additional U(1) factor derivable from E_6 decomposition. The low-energy…