Related papers: Confinement and complex singularities in QED3
Without any analytical assumption we solve the ladder QED2+1 in Minkowski space. Obtained complex fermion propagator exhibits confinement in the sense that it has no pole. Further, we transform Greens functions to the Temporal Euclidean…
Spherical confinement in 3D harmonic, quartic and other higher oscillators of even order is studied. The generalized pseudospectral method is employed for accurate solution of relevant Schr\"odinger equation in an \emph{optimum,…
Using spectral function of photon we find the reliable results for the effects of vacuum polarization for the dressed fermion propagator in three-dimensional QED.
We determine the gluonic spectral function $SU(3)$ Yang-Mills theory as well as we found fermionic spectral functions in the strong quenched QED where we found new solutions. Our novel technique provides solutions with the usual branch cut…
Relativistic equations of Bethe-Salpeter type for hadron structure are most conveniently formulated in momentum space. The presence of confining interactions causes complications because the corresponding kernels are singular. This occurs…
Performing the perturbative calculation of the vacuum polarization amplitude in QED1+1, one finds an anomalous axial vector Ward identity. We note that the photon self-energy function displays a singularity in the 1+1D case, in stark…
The confinement mechanism proposed earlier and then applied successfully to meson spectroscopy by one of the authors is interpreted in classical terms. For this aim the unique solution of the Maxwell equations, an analog of the…
In quantum chromodynamics with static quarks the confinement-deconfinement phase transition is connected to the spontaneous breaking of the global Z3 center symmetry. This symmetry is lost when one considers dynamical quarks. Owing to the…
The $e^-$-$e^+$ bound state spectrum of QED3 is investigated in the quenched ladder approximation to the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation with fermion propagators from a rainbow approximation Schwinger-Dyson equation. A detailed analysis…
Dirac particles have been notoriously difficult to confine. Implementing a curved space Dirac equation solver based on the quantum Lattice Boltzmann method, we show that curvature in a 2-D space can confine a portion of a charged, mass-less…
We introduced here the study of a QCD based on a complex group. Our aim is to show that a gauge theory with a complex symmetry develops some of the features required for the description of a confined phase. This theory leads to gluons with…
We consider a holographic quark model where the confinement is a consequence of the quark condensate. Surprisingly, the equation of motion of our holographic model can be mapped to the old spin-less bag model. Both models correctly…
The dynamics of {\it light} fermions propagating in a spatial direction at high temperatures can be described effectively by a two--dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with {\it heavy} effective mass $m_{\rm eff} = \pi T$. Starting from QED,…
We identify a class of 2+1 dimensional models, involving multiple Chern-Simons gauge fields, in which a form of classical confinement occurs. This confinement is not cumulative, but allows finite mass combinations of individually confined…
Quantum confinement is studied by numerically solving time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. An imaginary-time evolution technique is employed in conjunction with the minimization of an expectation value, to reach the global minimum.…
We evaluate the propagator of scalar and spinor in three dimensional quantum electrodynamics with the use of Ward-Identity for soft-photon emission vertex.We work well in position space to treat infrared divergences in our model.…
A quark model with general Yang-Mills $SU_3$ symmetry leads to fourth-order field equations and linear confining potential. The confining gauge bosons (`confions') are treated as off-mass-shell particles and their indefinite energies are…
The confinement-deconfinement phase transition is explored by lattice numerical simulations in non-compact (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with massive fermions at finite temperature. The existence of two phases, one with and the…
To understand the mechanism of the fermion pair and fermion-antifermion pair condensation,the solutions of Bethe-Salpeter equation in QED$_{3}$ is examined.In the ladder appoximation our solution for the axial-scalar is consistent with…
A confining quantum chromodynamics (QCD) model is formulated on the basis of a new general Yang-Mills $SU_3$ symmetry. The general Yang-Mills transformations involve arbitrary vector gauge functions $\omega_\mu(x)$ and Hamilton's…