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While two-photon absorption (TPA) and other forms of nonlinear interactions of molecules with isolated time-frequency-entangled photon pairs (EPP) have been predicted to display a variety of fascinating effects, their potential use in…

Photons as well as quarks and gluons are constituents of the infinite momentum frame (IMF) wave function of an energetic particle. They are mostly equivalent photons whose amplitude follows from the Lorentz transformation of the particle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-12-28 Leonid Frankfurt , Mark Strikman

We study the photoelectric effect on the example of a simplified model of an atom with a single bound state, coupled to the quantized electromagnetic field. For this model, we show that Einstein's prediction for the photoelectric effect is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Volker Bach , Frederic Klopp , Heribert Zenk

In this study, the theoretical maximum efficiency $\eta_{max}$ and the Boltzmann-type factor giving the concentration ratio of excited-to-ground state pigment-molecules for photosynthetic systems under irradiation with arbitrary photon flux…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-17 Tetsuo Yabuki

We introduce a measure of efficiency for the photon subtraction protocol aimed at entanglement concentration on a single copy of bipartite continuous variable state. We then show that iterating the protocol does not lead to higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 W. Maimaiti , S. Mancini

[Background] The electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by unpolarized and polarized electron scattering experiments show a significant disagreement that grows with the squared four momentum transfer ($Q^{2}$). Calculations…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2017-06-20 D. Rimal , D. Adikaram , B. A. Raue , L. B. Weinstein , J. Arrington , W. K. Brooks , M. Ungaro , K. P. Adhikari , Z. Akbar , S. Anefalos Pereira , R. A. Badui , J. Ball , N. A. Baltzell , M. Battaglieri , V. Batourine , I. Bedlinskiy , R. P. Bennett , A. S. Biselli , S. Boiarinov , W. J. Briscoe , S. Bültmann , D. S. Carman , A. Celentano , T. Chetry , G. Ciullo , L. Clark , L. Colaneri , P. L. Cole , N. Compton , M. Contalbrigo , O. Cortes , V. Crede , A. D'Angelo , N. Dashyan , R. De Vita , A. Deur , C. Djalali , R. Dupre , H. Egiyan , A. El Alaoui , L. El Fassi , P. Eugenio , G. Fedotov , R. Fersch , A. Filippi , J. A. Fleming , T. A. Forest , A. Fradi , N. Gevorgyan , Y. Ghandilyan , G. P. Gilfoyle , K. L. Giovanetti , F. X. Girod , C. Gleason , W. Gohn , E. Golovatch , R. W. Gothe , K. A. Griffioen , L. Guo , K. Hafidi , C. Hanretty , N. Harrison , M. Hattawy , D. Heddle , K. Hicks , M. Holtrop , S. M. Hughes , Y. Ilieva , D. G. Ireland , B. S. Ishkhanov , E. L. Isupov , D. Jenkins , H. Jiang , S. Joosten , D. Keller , P. Khetarpal , G. Khachatryan , M. Khandaker , W. Kim , A. Klein , F. J. Klein , V. Kubarovsky , S. E. Kuhn , S. V. Kuleshov , L. Lanza , P. Lenisa , K. Livingston , H. Y. Lu , I . J . D. MacGregor , N. Markov , B. McKinnon , M. D. Mestayer , M. Mirazita , V. Mokeev , A Movsisyan , E. Munevar , C. Munoz Camacho , P. Nadel-Turonski , A. Ni , S. Niccolai , G. Niculescu , I. Niculescu , M. Osipenko , A. I. Ostrovidov , M. Paolone , R. Paremuzyan , K. Park , E. Pasyuk , W. Phelps , S. Pisano , O. Pogorelko , J. W. Price , Y. Prok , D. Protopopescu , A. J. R. Puckett , A. Rizzo , G. Rosner , P. Rossi , P. Roy , F. Sabatié , C. Salgado , R. A. Schumacher , E. Seder , Y. G. Sharabian , Iu. Skorodumina , G. D. Smith , D. Sokhan , N. Sparveris , Ivana Stankovic , S. Stepanyan , S. Strauch , V. Sytnik , M. Taiuti , B. Torayev , H. Voskanyan , E. Voutier , N. K. Walford , D. P. Watts , X. Wei , M. H. Wood , N. Zachariou , L. Zana , J. Zhang , Z. W. Zhao , I. Zonta

We propose a generic ansatz for the extension of parton distributions of the real photon to those of the virtual photon. Alternatives and approximations are studied that allow closed-form parametrizations.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-02-15 Gerhard A. Schuler , Torbjörn Sjöstrand

An approximation for the inverse-Compton radiation power of electrons in the isotropic black-body photon field is presented. The approximation allows one to calculate inverse-Compton emissivity as integral over the energies of incident…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 O. Petruk

It is well known that energy-time entanglement can enhance two photon absorption (TPA) by simultaneously optimizing the two photon resonance and the coincidence rate of photons at the absorber. However, the precise relation between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 Baihong Li , Holger F. Hofmann

The two-photon exchange contribution to the single spin asymmetries with the spin orientation normal to the reaction plane is discussed for elastic electron-proton scattering in Regge regime. For this, the equivalent photon approximation is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-07-22 M. Gorchtein

After giving a very brief introduction to the resolved photon processes, I will summarise the latest experimental information from HERA, on resolved photon contribution to large pt jet production as well as to direct photon production. I…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 R. M. Godbole

In this work we generalize the entropy transfer from electron-positron annihilation to photons in the early Universe. The generalization is implemented within the Tsallis formalism by using generalized distribution functions derived from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-06 Matias P. Gonzalez

This report summarizes some of the recent HERA results obtained by studying hard processes in ep-scattering. By resolving the structure of the proton, hard ep-reactions provide information on the parton content of the proton and may give…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2014-11-17 Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon

The importance of contributions due to the longitudinally polarised virtual photon and the longitudinal-transverse interference term, in the unpolarised ep collisions is discussed. The numerical calculations for the Compton process, e p -->…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Urszula Jezuita-Dabrowska

Leading electroweak corrections play an important role in precision measurements of the strange form factors. We calculate the two-photon-exchange (TPE) and $\gamma Z$-exchange corrections to the parity-violating asymmetry of the elastic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Hai Qing Zhou , Chung Wen Kao , Shin Nan Yang

Advantages of introducing the electron structure function in electron induced processes are demonstrated. At present energies the same experiment gives more precise description of the electron than photon structure. The momentum scales…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 W. Slominski , J. Szwed

We calculate in next-to-leading order inclusive cross sections of single-particle production via resolved photons in $ep$ collisions at HERA. Transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions are presented and the scale dependence is studied.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-07-19 F. M. Borzumati , B. A. Kniehl , G. Kramer

The description of electronic exchange--correlation effects is of paramount importance for many applications in physics, chemistry, and beyond. In a recent Letter, Dornheim \textit{et al.} [\textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.}~\textbf{125}, 235001…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Tobias Dornheim , Zhandos A. Moldabekov , Panagiotis Tolias

We study various conceivable photoproduction reactions in a polarized ep collider mode of HERA with respect to their sensitivity to the proton's polarized gluon distribution. A special emphasis is put on the `resolved' part of the cross…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. M. Butterworth , N. Goodman , M. Stratmann , W. Vogelsang

Entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) has recently become a topic of lively debate, mainly due to the apparent inconsistencies in the experimentally-reported ETPA cross sections of organic molecules. In this work, we provide a thorough…