Related papers: INTRODUCTION TO THE POMERON STRUCTURE FUNCTION
At HERA, the electron-proton collider at DESY, Hamburg, the large flux of almost on-shell photons accompanying the lepton beam is being used to shed new light on the structure of the photon. Recent results are reviewed and discussed, with…
The structure of the photon is probed in photon-photon interactions at LEP and in photon-proton interactions at HERA.
Understanding the fundamental structure of matter requires an understanding of how quarks and gluons are assembled to form hadrons and of the structure of the protons which are the colliding particles at LHC. The arrangement of quarks and…
The pion electromagnetic form factor is calculated at lower and higher momentum transfer in order to explore constituent quark models and the differences among those models. In particular, the light-front constituent quark model is utilized…
The idea of the meson cloud approach in the chiral quark model has been extended to include gluon cloud in order to achieve the parton densities in the nucleon, based on the constitute quark framework. The splitting function of the quark to…
Form factors, polarizabilities and excitation spectra are different aspects of many-body structures. These aspects are constrained by sum rules based on general principles like relativity, gauge invariance, causality and unitarity. Several…
We extract diffractive parton distribution functions (DPDFs) and diffractive structure functions from the most recent H1 and ZEUS diffractive DIS data obtained by various methods. We consider Pomeron as an object with parton distribution…
Large pT processes at HERA, initiated by almost real and by virtual photons, provide information on the structure of the photon. We report on the latest measurements of dijets and large pT particle production with the H1 detector. This…
Leading order parton distributions in the photon are extracted from the existing $F_2^\gamma$ measurements and the low-$x$ proton structure function. The latter is related to the photon structure function by assuming Gribov factorization to…
There is no theoretical reason to think that the spin-flip component of the Pomeron is zero. One can measure the spin-flip part using Coulomb-nuclear interference (CNI). Perturbative QCD calculations show that the spin-flip component is…
Recent experimental results contributing to the understanding of the structure of the nucleon are reviewed. They include the final NMC results on proton and deuteron structure functions; a re-analysis of the CCFR data on F2 and xF3; new…
We present a method to evaluate the pion structure functions from a box diagram calculation. Pion and constituent quark fields are coupled through the simplest pseudoscalar coupling. The gamma^* pi -> q \bar q cross-section is evaluated and…
High Energy collider experiments are moving to the highest precision frontier quickly. The predictions of observables are based on the factorization formula which helps to connect small to large distances. These predictions can be…
Momentum sum rule can be used as an inequality to estimate the lower and upper bounds of the momentum fractions of quarks and gluons in a model of proton valid in a limited \textit{x} range. We compute such bounds in a self-similarity based…
The shapes of invariant differential cross section for charged hadron production as function of hadron's transverse momentum and rapidity in ep collisions at HERA machine are considered. The particle spectra shapes observed in pp and…
The comparison of magnetic moment of neutron and proton enables to outline qualitatively the structure of nucleon by using a model similar to the one suggested by Ida and Kobayashi that "baryons consist of a qq pair (or a diquark) and…
Measurements of di-jet production at HERA provide an important test of NLO QCD calculations. It is also a source of information about partonic content of the photon, complementary to the measurements in e+e- experiments. In this article we…
We present new improved parton distributions for the photon. We fit {\bf all} available data on the photon structure function, $F^{\gamma}_{2}(x,Q^2)$, with $Q^2\ge 3$ GeV$^2$, in order to determine the quark distributions. We also pay…
Neutron structure functions can be extracted from proton and deuteron data and a representation of the deuteron structure. This procedure does not require DIS approximations or quark structure assumptions. We find that the results depend…
The physics of the gravitational form factors of the proton, and their understanding within quantum chromodynamics, has advanced significantly in the past two decades through both theory and experiment. This Colloquium provides an overview…