Related papers: Goldstone Bosons
Perhaps the most important aspect of symmetry in physics is the idea that a state does not need to have the same symmetries as the theory that describes it. This phenomenon is known as spontaneous symmetry breaking. In these lecture notes,…
This review summarizes Effective Field Theory techniques, which are the modern theoretical tools for exploiting the existence of hierarchies of scale in a physical problem. The general theoretical framework is described, and explicitly…
A mechanism is presented through which very light scalar degrees of freedom obeying the nonlinear sigma model equation can emerge in spontaneously broken gauge theories. The mechanism operates in extra dimensional theories in which a) there…
The physical excitations entering the effective Lagrangian for quantum black holes are related to a Goldstone boson which is present in the Rindler limit and is due to the spontaneous breaking of the translation symmetry of the underlying…
In this Colloquium, we review recent progress in the effective description of strongly-correlated phases of matter with spontaneously broken translations, such as charge density waves or Wigner crystals. In real materials, disorder is…
In this paper we provide a novel strategy to prove the validity of Hartree's theory for the ground state energy of bosonic quantum systems in the mean-field regime. For the well-known case of trapped Bose gases, this can be shown using the…
Achieving self-consistent simultaneous interpretations of pions and kaons as bound states of quark and antiquark and as the (almost) massless boson states related, according to Goldstone's theorem, to the dynamical (and explicit) breakdown…
Lattice field theory methods, usually associated with non-perturbative studies of quantum chromodynamics, are becoming increasingly common in the calculation of ground-state and thermal properties of strongly interacting non-relativistic…
Recently, a couple of investigations related to symmetry breaking phenomena, 'spontaneous stochasticity' and 'ergodicity breaking' have led to significant impacts in a variety of fields related to the stochastic processes such as economics…
The effective field theory of cosmic acceleration systematizes possible contributions to the action, accounting for both dark energy and modifications of gravity. Rather than making model dependent assumptions, it includes all terms,…
Many years ago Weinberg formulated a definition of ``naturalness'' for effective theories: if an effective theory is to make sense, coefficients must not change too much when the cutoff scale is changed by a factor of order 1. As an…
The applicability of the background field method in spontaneously broken gauge theories is examined with new features emphasized. An explicit one loop analysis in the electroweak theory shows that the method can be consistently implemented…
A variety of condensed matter systems describe gapless modes that can be interpreted as Nambu-Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken Poincar\'e symmetry. In this paper we derive new soft theorems constraining the tree-level scattering of…
We investigate a systematic formulation of vector-tensor theories based on the effective field theory (EFT) approach. The input of our EFT is that the spacetime symmetry is spontaneously broken by the existence of a preferred timelike…
Guided by symmetry principles, we construct an effective field theory that captures the long-wavelength dynamics of two-dimensional vortex crystals observed in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a harmonic potential. By embedding…
We develop in this article the principal constructive arguments used in quantum field theory, limiting us to bosonic theories, for which there does not exist any recent general presentation. The article is primarily written for…
As we use the standard model effective field theory to search for signs of new physics beyond the direct reach of the LHC, we often wonder what we may learn from the effective field theory, and what it would look like to make a discovery…
The supersymmetric analog of the Goldberger-Treiman relation plays a critical role in the low energy effective theory of models in which supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in a hidden sector. The interactions that connect the hidden and…
This is a pedagogical introduction to the treatment of quantum general relativity as an effective field theory. It starts with an overview of the methods of effective field theory and includes an explicit example. Quantum general relativity…
In this survey, we review some of the low energy quantum predictions of General Relativity which are independent of details of the yet unknown high-energy completion of the gravitational interaction. Such predictions can be extracted using…