Related papers: Photon structure and the $\mu$ puzzle
High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate models of air shower physics, which is a challenge and an…
The present knowledge of the structure of the photon is presented with emphasis on measurements of the photon structure obtained from deep inelastic electron-photon scattering at e+e- colliders. This review covers the leptonic and hadronic…
In high energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy with shower arrays the most discriminating signature of the photon-induced showers against the background of hadron-induced cosmic-ray is the content of muons in the observed events. In the electromagnetic…
The structure of the photon is studied in high energy photon-proton interactions at HERA and photon-photon interactions at LEP. The status of these measurements is reviewed.
The present knowledge of the structure of the photon is presented based on results obtained by measurements of photon structure functions at e+e- collider. Results are presented both for the QED structure of the photon as well as for the…
The present knowledge of the structure of the photon based on measurements of photon structure functions is discussed. This review covers QED structure functions and the hadronic structure function F_2^gamma.
The measurements of hadronic structure functions of the photon based on the reaction ee --> ee gamma^(*)(P^2) gamma^*(Q^2)--> ee hadrons are discussed.
The structure of the photon is probed in photon-photon interactions at LEP and in photon-proton interactions at HERA.
In this talk I briefly explain the concept of the structure function of a photon (the best known boson). Then I review some of the current experimental evidence which confirms the existence of `strong' interactions of photon suggested by…
We investigate the observed muon deficit in air shower simulations when compared to ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) data. Based upon the observed enhancement of strangeness production in high-energy hadronic collisions reported by the…
The concept of the structure of the photon is discussed and the progress in the measurement of various structure functions of the photon as well of parton distributions in the photon is shortly reviewed.
High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of experimental data relies on accurate modeling of the air shower development. Simulations based on…
The status of the measurements and the theoretical developments concerning the hadronic structure of the photon are briefly summarised.
The electron and photon structure functions are compared. Advantages of the electron structure function are demonstrated. At very high momenta probabilistic (partonic) interpretation can be preserved despite strong $\gamma$-$Z$…
Advances in knowledge of the structure of the photon and tests of perturbative QCD have been made using the increased luminosity with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Events with a low photon virtuality and two high transverse energy jets have…
The structure of the photon is studied in photon interactions at high energies using photons radiated by the electron and positron beams at LEP. The current status of these measurements is reviewed.
Recent improvements in the analysis techniques and Monte Carlo models used in the measurement of the hadronic structure function of the photon have lead to much improved experimental results. Its low x behaviour was studied in various Q^2…
We review the present level of knowledge of the hadronic structure of the photon, as revealed in interactions involving quarks and gluons ``in" the photon. The concept of photon structure functions is introduced in the description of…
We show how the parton distributions in the photon can be accurately measured in the photoproduction of large-pt jets at HERA. A short review is given of the beyond Leading Logarithm formalism for the photon structure function, with a…
New results reported at the Moriond-QCD 2003 conference from the experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL on the structure of the photon as well as heavy quark production in gammagamma collisions are presented. The hadronic structure of the…