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These lectures discuss multi-particle production in QCD and in gravity at ultrarelativistic energies, their double copy relations, and strong parallels in emergent shockwave dynamics. Dispersive techniques are applied to derive the BFKL…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-21 Himanshu Raj , Raju Venugopalan

We use the BLM procedure to eliminate the renormalization scale ambiguity in the evolution equation for the non-singlet deep-inelastic structure function $F_2^{\text NS}(x,Q).$ The scale of the QCD coupling in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 Wing Kai Wong

We demonstrate that the diffraction slope of the generalized BFKL pomeron amplitude has the conventional Regge growth $B(s) = B(0) + 2\alpha_{\Pom}'\log(s)$. This proves that the generalized BFKL pomeron is described by the moving $j$-plane…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-25 N. N. Nikolaev , B. G. Zakharov , V. R. Zoller

We review the current understanding of the behaviour of inclusive cross sections at small x and large Q^2 in terms of Altarelli-Parisi evolution, the BFKL equation, and Regge theory, asking in particular to what extent they are mutually…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-03-25 R. D. Ball , P. V. Landshoff

We present an analysis of the current methods of approximate determination of the gluon density $G(x,Q^2)$ at low-$x$ from the scaling violations of the proton structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$. The gluon density is obtained from DGLAP…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 M. B. Gay Ducati , Victor P. B. Gonçalves

Phenomenological models of the dipole cross section that enters in the description of for instance deep inelastic scattering at very high energies have had considerable success in describing the available small-x data in both the saturation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel Boer , Andre Utermann , Erik Wessels

We present particular and unique solutions of Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov- Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations for light sea and valence quark structure functions in leading order (LO). We obtain t evolutions of sea and valence quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-09-21 R. Rajkhowa , J. K. Sarma

The relation between the two approaches is discussed both in the linear and nonlinear regimes. It is connected to the gauge invariance and Moebius symmetry in LL perturbative QCD. First corrections beyond the large N approximation are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 G. P. Vacca

We find approximate solutions to the renormalization group equation which governs the quantum evolution of the effective theory for the Color Glass Condensate. This is a functional Fokker-Planck equation which generates in particular the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-30 Edmond Iancu , Larry McLerran

A unitarized BFKL equation incorporating shadowing and antishadowing corrections of the gluon recombination is proposed. This equation reduces to the Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation near the saturation limit. We find that the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-03-25 Jianhong Ruan , Zhenqi Shen , Jifeng Yang , Wei Zhu

The running BFKL equation gives rise to a series of moving poles in the complex j-plane. Corresponding eigenfunctions (color dipole cross sections) are the oscillating functions of the color dipole size $r$. The first nodes for all…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 N. N. Nikolaev , V. R. Zoller

The effective Reggeon-Reggeon-gluon vertex, known as Lipatov vertex, is the key ingredient that allows to develop the BFKL approach in QCD. Within the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation, it is sufficient to know its one-loop…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-05 Victor S. Fadin , Michael Fucilla , Alessandro Papa

We present approximations of varying degree of sophistication to the integral equations for the (gluon) structure functions of a hadron (``the partonic flux factor'') in a model valid in the Leading Log Approximation with a running coupling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 B. Andersson , G. Gustafson , H. Kharraziha

We investigate factorisation at small x using a variety of analytical and numerical techniques. Previous results on factorisation in collinear models are generalised to the case of the full BFKL equation, and illustrated in the example of a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Marcello Ciafaloni , Dimitri Colferai , Gavin P. Salam

We explore the evolution of the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) entropy, defined as $ S(x,\mu^2) \simeq \ln[xg(x,\mu^2)]$ at small Bjorken variable $x$, where $\mu$ is the observable scale and the gluon distribution $xg(x,\mu^2)$ is derived…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-09 G. R. Boroun , Phuoc Ha

We recently derived an explicit expression for the gluon distribution function G(x, Q^2) = xg(x, Q^2) in terms of the proton structure function F_2^{\gamma p} (x, Q^2) in leading-order (LO) QCD by solving the the LO DGLAP equation for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-03-25 Martin M. Block , Loyal Durand , Douglas W. McKay

Using Laplace transform techniques, along with newly-developed accurate numerical inverse Laplace transform algorithms, we decouple the solutions for the singlet structure function $F_s(x,Q^2)$ and $G(x,Q^2)$ of the two leading-order…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-12 Martin M. Block , Loyal Durand , Phuoc Ha , Douglas W. McKay

We show how the sum of a hard singularity, $F_{2H}(x,Q^2_0)\sim x^{-\lambda}$ and a soft Pomeron $F_{2P}(x,Q^2_0)\sim Const.$ for the singlet piece of the structure function $F_{2S}=F_{2H}+F_{2P}$ for $Q_0^2\sim a few GeV^2$, plus a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 K. Adel , F. J. Ynduráin

We discuss the duality symmetry of the linear(BFKL) and the non-linear(BK) high energy evolutions in the multicolor limit. We show that the usual color dipole picture is dual to the forward reggeized gluon formulation. The presented…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-12-15 Alex Prygarin

Color quadrupoles have been found to be important in the proper description of observables sensitive to the small-x regime in nuclei as well as in the operator definition of the Weizs\"acker-Williams gluon distribution. In this paper, we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 Fabio Dominguez , A. H. Mueller , Stéphane Munier , Bo-Wen Xiao