Related papers: Electric Charge Quantization
We explore the recently proposed gauge symmetry \( SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes SU(3)_R \otimes U(1)_X \), which naturally embeds both the Left-Right symmetric model and the 3-3-1 model as subgroups. Within this unified framework, we…
The quantization of the electroweak theory is performed starting from the Lagrangian given in the so-called unitary gauge in which the unphysical Goldstone fields disappear. In such a Lagrangian, the unphysical longitudinal components of…
An extension of the Standard Model to the local gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(4)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ as a three-family model is presented. The model does not contain exotic electric charges and we obtain a consistent mass spectrum by…
We show that the SuperKamiokande atmospheric neutrino results explain electric charge quantisation, provided that the oscillation mode is $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$ and that the neutrino mass is of Majorana type.
The article investigates the possibility that right-handed neutrinos are Majorana particles embedded in an abelian multiplicative $U(1)_R$ factor, with the Lagrangian in the new factor being invariant under chiral gauge transformations.…
We propose that the physics beyond the standard Weinberg-Salam model is such that matter and the CP conjugate anti-matter fields have the same set of charges with respect to the various force groups (upto ordering). We show that this…
We explore consequences of a hypothetical difference between active charges, which generate electric fields, and passive charges, which respond to them. A confrontation to experiments using atoms, molecules, or macroscopic matter yields…
Lie-Poisson electrodynamics describes the semi-classical limit of non-commutative $U(1)$ gauge theory, characterized by Lie-algebra-type non-commutativity. We focus on the mechanics of a charged point-like particle moving in a given gauge…
A phenomenological analysis of the three-family local gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ with right-handed neutrinos is carried out. Instead of using the minimal scalar sector able to break the symmetry in a proper way, we…
In quantum gauge theories, anomaly cancellation severely restricts the allowed patterns of chiral charges. Here we show that, in a phenomenologically motivated framework for light minicharged particles, the anomaly cancellation conditions…
In the classical model of atomic polarizability, atomic charges are displaced by an applied electric field, assuming the electron cloud remains spherically symmetric but with its center shifted from the nucleus, thereby inducing an electric…
A new flipped $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(4)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ model without exotic electric charges is proposed. All the quarks families are arranged in the same representation while leptons generations are in different representations leading to a…
When the standard model is extended with right-handed neutrinos the symmetries of the resulting Lagrangian are enlarged with a new global U(1)R Abelian factor. In the context of minimal seesaw models we analyze the implications of a…
According to the introduction of a minimal length to quantum field theory which is directly related to a generalized uncertainty principle the implementation of the gauge principle becomes much more intricated. It has been shown in another…
Effective Lagrangians were originally used only at the tree level as so-called phenomenological Lagrangians since they were in general non-renormalizable. Today they are treated as effective field theories valid below a characteristic…
We present a noncommutative gauge theory that has the ordinary Standard Model as its low-energy limit. The model is based on the gauge group U(4) x U(3) x U(2) and is constructed to satisfy the key requirements imposed by noncommutativity:…
An extension of the Standard Model to the local gauge group SU(3)_c X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X as a family independent model is presented. The mass scales, the gauge boson masses and the masses for the spin 1/2 particles in the model are studied.…
We study the collider phenomenology of a neutral gauge boson $Z'$ arising in minimal but anomalous $\mathrm{U}(1)$ extensions of the Standard Model (SM). To retain gauge invariance of physical observables, we consider cancellation of gauge…
Does gravity care about electric charge? Precision tests of the weak equivalence principle achieve remarkable sensitivity but deliberately minimize electric charge on test masses, leaving this fundamental question experimentally open. We…
In 1909, Millikan showed that the charge of electrically isolated systems is quantized in units of the elementary electron charge e. Today, the persistence of charge quantization in small, weakly connected conductors allows for circuits…