Related papers: Pion and muon mass difference: a determining facto…
The muon has been instrumental in establishing the Standard Model of particle physics and continues to play a key role in exploring the nature of New Physics. A global program is underway to enhance the discovery potential of a wide range…
We use the informations known so far about elementary particles in order to construct a simple model. We find a reason for the gyromagnetic factor of 2 for leptons and a vivid imagination for the weak interaction. By this, we understand,…
In this paper we review the experimental and observational searches for stable, massive, elementary particles other than the electron and proton. The particles may be neutral, may have unit charge or may have fractional charge. They may…
The implications of the pion (meson) degrees of freedom for baryon properties, taken at the constituent quark and baryon levels are compared. It is shown that there is a dramatic qualitative difference between two approaches.
Pions were predicted by H. Yukawa as force carriers of the inter-nucleon forces, and were detected in 1947. Today they are known to be bound states of quarks and anti-quarks of the two lightest flavours. They satisfy Bose statistics, and…
We propose a simple model in which dark matter particle exchanges mediate a new quantum force between muons and nucleons, resolving the proton charge radius puzzle. At the same time, the discrepancy between the measured anomalous magnetic…
The ratio between the proton and electron masses is shown to be close to the ratio between the strong and electromagnetic interaction coupling constants at Extremely Low Energy (ELE). Based on the experimental data, this relation has been…
Pion-nucleon elastic scattering in the dominant $P_{33}$ channel is examined in the model in which the interaction is of the form $\pi + N\leftrightarrow N, \Delta(1232)$. New expressions are found for the elastic pion-nucleon scattering…
The current understanding of particle masses in terms of quarks and their binding energy is not satisfactory. Both in atoms and in nuclei the organizing principle of stability is the shell structure, while this does not seem to play any…
The possible cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio was estimated by measuring the H_2 wavelengths in the high-resolution spectrum of the quasar Q~0347-382. Our analysis yielded an estimate for the possible deviation of…
Distinguishing the Dirac and Majorana nature of neutrinos remains one of the most important tasks in neutrino physics. By assuming that the $\tau^- \to \pi^- \mu^- e^+ \nu$ (or $\bar{\nu}$) decay is resonantly enhanced by the exchange of an…
By looking at the complex plane of the pion-mass squared we establish a dispersion relation which the static quantities, such as baryon masses, magnetic moments, polarizabilities, should obey. This dispersion relation yields insight into…
An empirical formula relating the physical masses of elementary particles and the Fermi constant is proposed. Although no mechanism or theoretical model behind this formula is advocated, we seek for a possible physical interpretation. If…
Despite its role in the continuing evolution of the Universe, only a small fraction of the mass of visible material can be attributed to the Higgs boson alone. The overwhelmingly dominant share may/should arise from the strong interactions…
The "proton size puzzle" and the "muon anomalous moment problem" are incomplete descriptions of significant discrepancies of Standard Model calculations with experiments. What is particularly new is that the experiments and theory confront…
The size of the stable elementary particles is investigated with the standing wave model. The particle size follows from the magnitude of the radiation pressure. It is shown that the outward directed radiation pressure is balanced by the…
We determine the strong-isospin violating component of the neutron-proton mass difference from fully-dynamical lattice QCD and partially-quenched QCD calculations of the nucleon mass, constrained by partially-quenched chiral perturbation…
Muons in neutron stars (NSs) play especially important roles in addressing several interesting new physics questions associated with detecting as well as understanding interactions and astrophysical effects of muonphilic dark matter…
With a mass at least six orders of magnitudes smaller than the mass of an electron -- but non-zero -- neutrinos are a clear misfit in the Standard Model of Particle Physics. On the one hand, its tiny mass makes the neutrino one of the most…
We have searched for the pion decay pi^+ --> mu^+ X, where X is a neutral particle of mass 33.905 MeV. This process was suggested by the KARMEN Collaboration to explain an anomaly in their observed time distribution of neutrino induced…