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Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a profound signature of primordial cosmological structures and provide a theoretical tool to study nontrivial physics of the early Universe. The mechanisms of PBH formation are discussed and observational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 M. Yu. Khlopov

Limits on the dark matter fraction of small mass primordial black holes from Hawking radiation are predominantly derived from the assumption of a Schwarzschild black hole evaporating. However, astrophysical black holes are usually much more…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-03 Sebastian Schuster , Jessica Santiago , Justin Feng , Matt Visser

We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range $10^{-5}\text{--}10^{50}$ g. Those smaller than $\sim 10^{15}$ g would have evaporated by now due to Hawking…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Bernard Carr , Kazunori Kohri , Yuuiti Sendouda , Jun'ichi Yokoyama

The final mass distribution of primordial black holes is sensitive to the equation of state of the Universe at the scales accessible by the power spectrum. Motivated by the presence of phase transitions in several beyond the Standard Model…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-10 Albert Escrivà , Javier G. Subils

We investigate the role that the evaporation of light primordial black holes may have played in the production of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the high-scale leptogenesis. In particular, for mass of primordial black hole in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-04 Roberta Calabrese , Marco Chianese , Jacob Gunn , Gennaro Miele , Stefano Morisi , Ninetta Saviano

Primordial black holes could have been formed in the early universe from non linear cosmological perturbations re-entering the cosmological horizon when the Universe was still radiation dominated. Starting from the shape of the power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-01 Ilia Musco , Valerio De Luca , Gabriele Franciolini , Antonio Riotto

The growth of the most massive black holes in the early universe, consistent with the detection of highly luminous quasars at $z> 6$ implies sustained, critical accretion of material to grow and power them. Given a black hole seed scenario,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-29 Tiziana Di Matteo , Rupert A. C. Croft , Yu Feng , Dacen Waters , Stephen Wilkins

We show how magnetic accretion of positronium (electron-positron) plasma by primordial black holes might significantly contribute to the mass of dark matter in the present Universe. Assuming that background gamma radiation is primordial…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-06 T. Kenneth Fowler , Richard Anantua

Black holes can be produced in collapse of small-scale dark matter structures, which can happen at any time from the early to present-day universe. Microstructure black holes (MSBHs) can have a wide range of masses. Small MSBHs evaporate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 Zachary S. C. Picker , Alexander Kusenko

Models of Co-Decaying dark matter lead to an early matter dominated epoch -- prior to BBN -- which results in an enhancement of the growth of dark matter substructure. If these primordial structures collapse further they can form primordial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-20 Julian Georg , Brandon Melcher , Scott Watson

In accordance with current models of the accelerating Universe as a spacetime with a positive cosmological constant, new results about a cosmological upper bound for the area of stable marginally outer trapped surfaces are found taking into…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-11 Tetsuya Shiromizu , Keisuke Izumi , Kangjae Lee , Diego Soligon

Primordial black holes (PBHs) may have formed in the early Universe and may account for all or part of the dark matter. In this review, we summarize the current observational constraints on PBHs across the full mass range, highlight…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-02 Bernard Carr , Antonio J. Iovino , Gabriele Perna , Ville Vaskonen , Hardi Veermäe

This work investigates the formation of primordial black holes within a radiation fluid with an anisotropic pressure. We focus our attention on the initial conditions describing cosmological perturbations in the super horizon regime, using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-25 Ilia Musco , Theodoros Papanikolaou

The evaporation of the black holes during the very early universe is studied. Starting from black hole filled universe, the distiributions of particle species are calculated and showed, that they differ remarkably from the corresponding…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 I. Vilja

Dark matter coupled solely gravitationally can be produced through the decay of primordial black holes in the early universe. If the dark matter is lighter than the initial black hole temperature, it could be warm enough to be subject to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-23 Iason Baldes , Quentin Decant , Deanna C. Hooper , Laura Lopez-Honorez

Recent James Webb Space Telescope observations of high-redshift massive galaxy candidates have initiated renewed interest in the important mystery around the formation and evolution of our Universe's largest supermassive black holes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-31 Shin'ichiro Ando , Shyam Balaji , Malcolm Fairbairn , Nagisa Hiroshima , Koji Ishiwata

A variety of scenarios for early-universe cosmology give rise to a population of primordial black holes (PBHs) with a broad spectrum of masses. The evaporation of PBHs in such scenarios has the potential to place the universe into an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Keith R. Dienes , Lucien Heurtier , Fei Huang , Doojin Kim , Tim M. P. Tait , Brooks Thomas

The mass function of primordial black holes created through the near-critical gravitational collapse is calculated in a manner fairly independent of the statistical distribution of underlying density fluctuation, assuming that it has a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Jun'ichi Yokoyama

We investigate the idea that ultrahigh energy gamma-rays (E>10 TeV) can be produced when charged particles are accelerated by microscopic black holes. We begin by showing that microscopic black holes may exist as remnants of primordial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Roberto Casadio , Benjamin Harms , Octavian Micu

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form from gravitational collapse of large overdensities in the early Universe, giving rise to rich phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology. We develop a novel, general, and systematic method based on theory…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Shi Pi , Misao Sasaki , Volodymyr Takhistov , Jianing Wang
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