Related papers: PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual
Parton And-hadron China Institute of Atomic Energy (PACIAE) is a multipurpose Monte Carlo event generator developed to describe a wide range of high-energy collisions, including lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron, lepton-nucleus, hadron-hadron,…
We present a new model for building up complete exclusive hadronic final states in high energy nucleus collisions. It is a direct extrapolation of high energy pp collisions (as described by PYTHIA), and thus bridges a large part of the…
The study of the high-multiplicity pp events has become important because we need to understand the origin of the fluid-like features which have been found in such small systems. In this work we concentrate on the radial flow signatures. To…
We study the behavior of the "underlying event" in hard scattering proton-antiproton collisions at 1.8 TeV and compare with the QCD Monte-Carlo models. The "underlying event" is everything except the two outgoing hard scattered "jets" and…
In this article, a framework for hadronic rescattering in the general-purpose Pythia event generator is introduced. The starting point is the recently presented space-time picture of the hadronization process. It is now extended with a…
We review the physics basis, main features and use of general-purpose Monte Carlo event generators for the simulation of proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Topics included are: the generation of hard-scattering matrix…
We present recent developments in PYTHIA for the modelling of hadronic cascades in a medium. Several improvements have been made in the Angantyr model for collisions with nuclei, especially in the limit of low collision energies, allowing…
Models with large extra dimensions as well as unparticle models could give rise to new phenomena at collider experiments due to real emission or virtual exchange of gravitons or unparticles. In this paper we present the common…
Nuclear and particle physics are the core components of most undergraduate and postgraduate physics courses worldwide. While few fundamental concepts like particle counting and detector characterisation are taught in tandem with laboratory…
As a classical generative modeling approach, energy-based models have the natural advantage of flexibility in the form of the energy function. Recently, energy-based models have achieved great success in modeling high-dimensional data in…
The high-multiplicity pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider energies with various heavy-ion-like signatures have warranted a deeper understanding of the underlying physics and particle production mechanisms. It is a common practice to…
The full optimization of the design and operation of instruments whose functioning relies on the interaction of radiation with matter is a super-human task, given the large dimensionality of the space of possible choices for geometry,…
The new numerical approach that includes 1 to 2 mechanism is applied to double parton scattering (DPS) in W+dijet and Z+dijet final state production in proton-proton collisions at LHC. By using the underlying event (UE) simulation from a…
General-purpose Monte Carlo event generators have become important tools in particle physics, allowing the simulation of exclusive hadronic final states. In this article we examine the Pythia 8 generator, in particular focusing on its…
The concept of multiple partonic interactions in hadronic events is vital for the understanding of both minimum-bias and underlying-event physics. The area is rather little studied, however, and current models offer a far from complete…
The rapid interaction of highly energetic particle beams with matter induces dynamic responses in the impacted component. If the beam pulse is sufficiently intense, extreme conditions can be reached, such as very high pressures, changes of…
Biophysics is a subject that is spread over many disciplines and transcends the skills and knowledge of the individual student. This makes it challenging both to teach and to learn. Educational materials are described to aid in teaching…
Small system collectivity observed at the LHC energies along with enhancement of strangeness makes high-multiplicity proton+proton (pp) collisions very interesting in order to look for QGP-like features, usually found in heavy-ion…
In high energy particle collisions the shape of the event, i.e. the relative distribution of particles in momentum space, is often used to try to select events with certain topologies. It is claimed that an event shape observable like…
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of particle production in proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using Pythia~8 event generator. We investigate the transverse momentum $p_T$ spectra of light charged hadrons…