Related papers: Models for cosmic ray interactions
Recent experimental data have established some of the basic features of multiple interactions in hadron-hadron collisions. The emphasis is therefore now shifting, to one of exploring more detailed aspects. Starting from a brief review of…
Air shower simulations are essential for interpreting data from cosmic ray experiments. At highest energies though, a microscopic treatment of a whole shower is not possible any more, since it would require a huge amount of CPU-time. We…
In this article I review the main theoretical problems that are posed by the highest energy end of the observed cosmic ray spectrum, stressing the importance of establishing their composition in order to decide between proposed scenarios. I…
The Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina provides the largest data sample of the cosmic ray events with energy above 10$^{18}$ eV. These high energy events can be used to test our understanding of the hadronic interactions at energies…
We have updated our previous investigation of the production of muons and neutrinos in cosmic ray interactions with the atmosphere, taking account of recent results from the $ep$ collider HERA in our QCD-based model for hadronic…
Theoretical aspects of VMD and related approaches to real photon-hadron interaction are discussed. The work relies on special relativity, properties of linearly polarized photons, angular momentum conservation and relevant experiments. It…
The study of the gamma-ray radiation produced by cosmic rays that escape their accelerators is of paramount importance for (at least) two reasons: first, the detection of those gamma-ray photons can serve to identify the sources of cosmic…
Interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) accelerated in astrophysical environments have been shown to shape the energy production rate of nuclei escaping from the confinement zone. To address the influence of hadronic…
The measurement of the flux of muons produced in cosmic ray air showers is essential for the study of primary cosmic rays. Such measurements are important in extensive air shower detectors to assess the energy spectrum and the chemical…
An analysis has been made of the present situation with the high energy hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interaction models. As is already known there are inconsistencies in the interpretation of experimental data on the primary mass…
The problem of cosmic-ray scattering in the turbulent electromagnetic fields of the interstellar medium and the solar wind is of great importance due to the variety of applications of the resulting diffusion coefficients. Examples are…
High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate models of air shower physics, which is a challenge and an…
We study basic characteristics of distributions of the depths of shower maximum in air showers caused by cosmic rays with the highest energies. The consistency between their average values and widths, and their energy dependences are…
The problem of predicting the upper cut-off of the cosmic ray spectrum is re-examined. Some aspects of extremely high energy interactions and their implications for the interpretation of giant air showers are also discussed.
Recent developments in soft hadronic interactions are reviewed. Emphasis it put on measurements of the proton structure at low x, photon structure, diffraction and exclusive processes such as vector-meson production and their interpretation…
We review the current status of recombination and coalescence models that have been successfully applied to describe hadronization in heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies. Basic concepts as well as actual implementations of the idea are…
An overview of the cosmological models with expansion, shear and rotation is presented. Problems of the rotating models are discussed, their general kinematic properties and dynamical realizations are described. A particular attention is…
HAWC is a ground-based observatory consisting of 300 water Cherenkov detectors, which observes the extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays from some TeV to a few PeV and, in particular, gamma rays from 300 GeV to more than 100 TeV. One…
The analysis of high-energy air shower data allows one to study the proton-air cross section at energies beyond the reach of fixed target and collider experiments. The mean depth of the first interaction point and its fluctuations are a…
We review progress in high-energy cosmic ray physics focusing on recent experimental results and models developed for their interpretation. Emphasis is put on the propagation of charged cosmic rays, covering the whole range from $\sim…