Related papers: Isotropization and Thermalization in Heavy Ion Col…
In this work it is shown that the use of a hydrodynamical model of heavy ion collisions which incorporates recent developments, together with updated photon emission rates greatly improves agreement with both ALICE and PHENIX measurements…
We review progress in the hydrodynamic description of heavy-ion collisions, focusing on recent developments in modeling the fluctuating initial state and event-by-event viscous hydrodynamic simulations. We discuss how hydrodynamics can be…
The realistic equation of state of strongly interacting matter, that has been successfully applied in the recent hydrodynamic studies of hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC, is used in the Friedmann equation to…
How can we gain a detailed insight into the hydrodynamic response of the system created in heavy ion collisions to the fluctuating initial geometry and viscous effects? Do we create a strongly interacting medium in proton-nucleus and…
When hot quark gluon plasma expands and cools down after an heavy ion collision, charge conservation leads to non-trivial correlations between the charge densities at different rapidities. If these correlations can be measured, they will…
Gubser flow provides an analytic model for describing the spacetime dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions. Along with boost and rotation invariance along the beam axis, the model assumes invariance under a…
The initial distribution of gluons at the very early times after a high energy heavy ion collision is described by the bulk scale $Q_s$ of gluon saturation in the nuclear wavefunction. The subsequent evolution of the system towards kinetic…
The contribution presents a brief summary of the Gauge/Gravity approach to the study of hydrodynamic flow of the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy-ion collisions, in a boost-invariant setting (Bjorken flow). Considering the ideal case of a…
The dynamics of gluons and quarks in a relativistic nuclear collision are described, within the framework of a classical mean-field transport theory, by the coupled equations for the Yang-Mills field and a collection of colored point…
In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons is formed within $1$ fm/c of the nuclei's impact. The complex dynamics of the collision before $\approx 1$ fm/c is often described with parametric models,…
Collisions between heavy nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider liberate from the nuclear wavefunction of order 10,000 gluons, quarks and antiquarks. The system is dominated by gluons and up and down (anti) quarks. Heavy quarks,…
We demonstrate that the striking systematics of two-particle azimuthal Fourier harmonics $v_2$ and $v_3$ in ultrarelativistic collisions of protons, deuterons and helium-3 ions off gold nuclei measured by the PHENIX Collaboration…
We derive relativistic viscous hydrodynamic equations invoking the generalized second law of thermodynamics for two different forms of the non-equilibrium single-particle distribution function. We find that the relaxation times in these two…
To describe momentum isotropization of gluon matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the transport rate of gluon drift and the transport collision rates of elastic ($gg \leftrightarrow gg$) as well as inelastic ($gg…
The fluidity of the hot and dense QCD matter is a key characteristic of the medium created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We extend the framework of the relativistic hydrodynamic model to incorporate non-thermal momentum distributions…
The recombination model as a model for hadronization from a quark-gluon plasma has been recently revived since it has advantages in explaining several important features of the final state produced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC, such as…
This paper investigates the relationship between initial spatial anisotropy and final state momentum anisotropy in heavy ion collisions through the analysis of elliptic flow ($v_2$) as a function of transverse momentum ($p_T$). Building…
Collisions among heavy ions, like Pb or Au, are a great tool to study the theory of strong interactions, that is Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In particular, these experiments are able to give insights on all the complex phases of matter…
The recently developed framework of anisotropic hydrodynamics is generalized to describe the dynamics of coupled quark and gluon fluids. The quark and gluon components of the fluids are characterized by different dynamical anisotropy…
This chapter, to appear in the section on QCD under extreme conditions within the Encyclopedia of Nuclear Physics, aims to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics of quarks and gluons in the presence of high temperature, nonzero…