Related papers: Gauge invariance in two-particle scattering
Although gauge invariance preserves the values of physical observables, a gauge transformation can introduce important alterations of physical interpretations. To understand this, it is first shown that a gauge transformation is not, in…
Gauge theories with finite gauge groups have applications to quantum simulation and quantum gravity. Recently, the exact number of gauge-invariant states was computed for pure gauge theories on arbitrary lattices. In this work, we…
In their simplest form, metric-like Lagrangians for higher-spin massless fields display constrained gauge symmetries, unless auxiliary fields are introduced or locality is foregone. Specifically, in its standard incarnation, gauge…
The interpretation of virtual gluons as ghosts in the non-linear gluonic structure of QCD permits the formulation and realization of a manifestly gauge-invariant and Lorentz covariant theory of interacting quarks/anti-quarks, for all values…
The use of Bateman method for solving the two-variable version of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation without recourse to partial-wave decomposition is investigated. Bateman method is based on a special kind of interpolation of the momentum…
The construction of a gauge field theory for elementary particles usually starts by promoting global invariance of the matter action to a local one, this in turn implying the introduction of gauge fields. We present here a procedure that…
Using a generalised Noether prescription we are able to extract all the currents and their conservation laws in space dependent shift symmetric theories. Various identities among the currents in the matter sector are found that form the…
We show that the requirement of gauge invariance is not enough to fix the form of interactions between unparticles and gauge fields, thus revealing a wide new class of gauged unparticle actions. Our approach also allows us to construct…
Scatter processes of photons lead to blurring of images produced by CT (computed tomography) or CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) in the KV domain or portal imaging in the MV domain (KV: kilovolt age, MV: megavoltage). Multiple scatter…
Gauge invariance is one of the more important concepts in physics. We discuss this concept in connection with the unitary evolution of discrete-time quantum walks in one and two spatial dimensions, when they include the interaction with…
Further properties of a recently proposed higher order infinite spin particle model are derived. Infinitely many classically equivalent but different Hamiltonian formulations are shown to exist. This leads to a condition of uniqueness in…
Identification, and subsequent quantification of quantum correlations, is critical for understanding, controlling, and engineering quantum devices and processes. We derive and implement a general method to quantify various forms of quantum…
A didactic and systematic derivation of Noether point symmetries and conserved currents is put forward in special relativistic field theories, without a priori assumptions about the transformation laws. Given the Lagrangian density, the…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. It is shown that for a Dirac field the assumption of gauge invariance impacts on the way the vacuum state is defined. It is shown that the conventional definition of the vacuum state…
The Lipatov equation can regarded as a reggeon Bethe-Salpeter equation in which higher-order reggeon interactions give higher-order kernels. Infra-red singular contributions in a general kernel are produced by t-channel nonsense states and…
Gauge fields are special in the sense that they are invariant under gauge transformations and \emph{``ipso facto''} they lead to problems when we try quantizing them straightforwardly. To circumvent this problem we need to specify a gauge…
The inverse scattering problem is applied to 2-dimensional partial differential equations called soliton equations such as the KdV equation and so on. It is also used to integrate the Einstein equations with axial symmetry. These inverse…
We consider a gauge symmetry in a quantum Hilbert space. The symmetry leads to that of the heat-kernel and of the anomaly formulae which were previously obtained by the authors. This greatly simplifies and clarifies the structure of the…
The discovery of the Higgs together with the excellent performance of the LHC allow to make precision tests of Brout-Englert-Higgs Physics, and especially its underlying field-theory. In this field theory strict gauge-invariance requires…
We present a general method for incorporating the electromagnetic interaction into descriptions of hadronic processes based on four-dimensional scattering integral equations. The method involves the idea of gauging the scattering equations…