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Heavy quarks, such as charm and beauty, possess masses significantly larger than the characteristic energy scale of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), and are thus predominantly produced in hard-scattering processes with large momentum transfer…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-06-30 Renu Bala

The first implementation of fragmentation in a numerical code for the computation of cross sections at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD has recently been completed. I will present some results of the first application of this new…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-11-28 Terry Generet

We present nonperturbative fragmentation functions (FFs) for bottom-flavored ($B$) hadrons both at next-to-leading (NLO) and, for the first time, at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ factorization scheme…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-12 Maral Salajegheh , S. Mohammad Moosavi Nejad , Hamzeh Khanpour , Bernd A. Kniehl , Maryam Soleymaninia

We consider the transverse-momentum distribution of heavy flavours in photon-hadron collisions. We present a formalism in which large transverse-momentum logarithms are resummed to the next-to-leading level, and mass effects are included…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-03 M. Cacciari , S. Frixione , P. Nason

In certain situations, such as one-particle inclusive processes, it is possible to model the hadronization through Fragmentation Functions (FFs), which are universal non-perturbative functions extracted from experimental data through…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-17 Salvador A. Ochoa-Oregon , David F. Rentería-Estrada , Roger J. Hernández-Pinto , German F. R. Sborlini

Starting from fixed-order perturbation theory (FOPT) we derive expressions for the heavy-flavour components of the deep-inelastic structure functions FL and F2 in the variable-flavour number scheme (VFNS). These expressions are valid in all…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 M. Buza , Y. Matiounine , J. Smith , W. L. van Neerven

In a consistently formulated pQCD framework incorporating non-zero mass heavy quark partons, there is still the freedom to define parton distributions obeying either mass-independent or mass-dependent evolution equations, contrary to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 Fredrick I. Olness , Randall J. Scalise

It is demonstrated that the fragmentation functions at large momentum fraction play a key role in hard hadron production from relativistic proton-proton collisions. We find that this region of the fragmentation functions is not strongly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Xiaofei Zhang , George Fai , Peter Levai

We revisit the extraction of parton-to-eta meson fragmentation functions at next-to-leading order accuracy in QCD in the light of the recent hadroproduction measurements in proton-proton collisions obtained by the PHENIX, LHCb, and ALICE…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-08 Christine A. Aidala , Devon A. Loomis , Ramiro Tomas Martinez , Rodolfo Sassot , Marco Stratmann

Fragmentation functions for charged particles in Z -> qq(bar) events have been measured for bottom (b), charm (c) and light (uds) quarks as well as for all flavours together. The results are based on data recorded between 1990 and 1995…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 The OPAL Collaboration , K. Ackerstaff et al

We calculate the fragmentation function for a light quark to decay into a lepton pair to leading order in the QCD coupling constant. In the formal definition of the fragmentation function, a QED phase must be included in the eikonal factor…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Eric Braaten , Jungil Lee

We review recent developments in the theoretical description of inclusive single-hadron production at next-to-leading order in the parton model of quantum chromodynamics. Fragmentation functions are extracted from fits to data of inclusive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Bernd A. Kniehl

We have investigated the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections to inclusive hadron production in e^+e^- annihilation and the related parton fragmentation distributions, the `time-like' counterparts of the `space-like'…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Mitov , S. Moch , A. Vogt

Fragmentation is the dominant production mechanism for heavy hadronic bound states with large transverse momentum. We numerically calculate the initial $g\rightarrow H(Q\bar{Q})$ fragmentation functions (FFs) using the nonrelativistic QCD…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-10-19 S. Mohammad Moosavi Nejad , Delpasand Mahdi

Heavy long-lived quarks, i.e. charm and bottom, are frequently studied both as tests of QCD and as probes for other physics aspects within and beyond the standard model. The long life-time implies that charm and bottom hadrons are formed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Norrbin , T. Sjöstrand

We give a general overview of the role and interpretation of fragmentation functions in hard processes. Transverse momentum dependence gives rise to time-reversal odd fragmentation functions contributing at leading order. Final state…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Bianconi , S. Boffi , R. Jakob , M. Radici

We consider the fragmentation of heavy quarks into heavy-flavoured hadrons, specifically the production of charmed mesons in $e^+e^-$ collisions, at different centre-of-mass energies. We focus our attention on the ratio of moments of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-04 Matteo Cacciari , Andrea Ghira , Simone Marzani , Giovanni Ridolfi

We present new sets of fragmentation functions for charged pions, charged kaons, and protons, both at the leading and next-to-leading orders. They are fitted to the scaled-momentum distributions of these hadrons measured in e+e-…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 B. A. Kniehl , G. Kramer , B. Pötter

Charm final states in deep inelastic scattering constitute $\sim 25%$ of the inclusive cross-section at small $x$ as measured at HERA. These data can reveal important information on the charm and gluon structure of the nucleon if they are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 James Amundson , Carl Schmidt , Wu-Ki Tung , Xiaoning Wang

We calculate the process-independent fragmentation functions for a $\bar b$ antiquark to fragment into longitudinally and transversely polarized $B_c^*$ ($^3S_1$) mesons to leading order in the QCD strong coupling constant. In the special…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-27 Kingman Cheung , Tzu Chiang Yuan