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Black holes with sufficiently large initial charge and mass will Hawking-evaporate towards the extremal limit. The emission slows as the temperature approaches zero, but still reaches the point where a single Hawking quantum would make the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-22 Samuel E. Gralla

If a black hole (BH) is initially in an approximately pure state and it evaporates by a unitary process, then the emitted radiation will be in a highly quantum state. As the purifier of this radiation, the state of the BH interior must also…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-30 Ram Brustein , A. J. M. Medved

The existence of a minimal length, predicted by different theories of quantum gravity, can be phenomenologically described in terms of a generalized uncertainty principle. We consider the impact of this quantum gravity motivated effect onto…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-07 Ana Alonso-Serrano , Mariusz P. Dabrowski , Hussain Gohar

We consider the quantum vacuum effects of the massless scalar fields that are non-minimally coupled to the background geometry of a collapsing homogeneous ball of dust. It is shown that for a definite range of coupling constants, there are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-02 Hessamaddin Arfaei , Milad Noorikuhani

The total number of Hawking quanta emitted during the evaporation of a Schwarzschild black hole is proportional to the square of the initial mass or, equivalently, to the Bekenstein entropy. This simple, but little appreciated, fact is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-08 Wolfgang Mück

If we consider the gravitational collapse of a material object to a black hole, we would expect, for ranges of mass where a black hole would form, the following scenario. A large enough object would collapse classically until an event…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 L. Ortíz , M. P. Ryan

We revisit the hypothesis of a possible line structure in the Hawking evaporation spectrum of black holes. Because of nonperturbative quantum gravity effects, this would take place arbitrarily far away from the Planck mass. We show, based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-04 Aurélien Barrau

Classically, the black hole (BH) horizon is completely opaque, hiding any clues about the state and very existence of its interior. Quantum mechanically and in equilibrium, the situation is not much different: Hawking radiation will now be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-02-28 Ram Brustein , A. J. M. Medved

In this invited review, we discuss the evaporation of a black hole, with emphasis on the resulting macroscopically distinct patterns of Hawking radiation. The density matrix of this radiation can approach a pure final state in the form of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-19 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

Hawking's groundbreaking prediction that black holes emit thermal radiation and ultimately evaporate remains unverified due to the extreme faintness of this radiation for stellar-mass or larger black holes. In this study, we explore a novel…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 Atreya Acharyya , Giacomo Cacciapaglia , Manuel Meyer , Francesco Sannino

We establish a state of stopping the Hawking radiation by quantum Schwarzschild black hole in the framework of quasi-classical thermal quantization for particles behind the horizon. The mechanism of absorption and radiation by the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 V. V. Kiselev

Charged particle emission from black holes with sufficiently large charge is exponentially suppressed. As a result, such black holes are driven towards extremality by the emission of neutral Hawking radiation. Eventually, an isolated black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-07 Adam R. Brown , Luca V. Iliesiu , Geoff Penington , Mykhaylo Usatyuk

We have very little experience of the quantum dynamics of the ubiquitous nonlinear waves. Observed phenomena in high energy physics are perturbations to linear waves, and classical nonlinear waves, like solitons, are barely affected by…

Radiating black holes pose a number of puzzles for semiclassical and quantum gravity. These include the transplanckian problem -- the nearly infinite energies of Hawking particles created near the horizon, and the final state of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Viqar Husain , Oliver Winkler

We study analytically quantum tunneling of relativistic and non-relativistic particles at both Killing and universal horizons of Einstein-Maxwell-aether black holes, after high-order curvature corrections are taken into account, for which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-23 Chikun Ding , Anzhong Wang , Xinwen Wang , Tao Zhu

The formation and semi-classical evaporation of two-dimensional black holes is studied in an exactly solvable model. Above a certain threshold energy flux, collapsing matter forms a singularity inside an apparent horizon. As the black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-07 J. Russo , L. Susskind , L. Thorlacius

In Ho\v{r}ava and Einstein-{\AE}ther theories of modified gravity, in spite of the violation of Lorentz invariance, spherically-symmetric stationary black hole solutions possess an inner universal horizon which separates field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-10 Florent Michel , Renaud Parentani

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann's equation $S=\log{\cal N}$, hence represents almost all the accessible phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Erik Aurell , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki

Black hole evaporation is studied using wave packets for the modes. These allow for approximate frequency and time resolution. The leading order late time behavior gives the well known Hawking radiation that is independent of how the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-26 Paul R. Anderson , Raymond D. Clark , Alessandro Fabbri , Michael R. R. Good

We present a solution of Einstein equations with quintessential matter surrounding a $d$-dimensional black hole, whose asymptotic structures are determined by the state of the quintessential matter. We examine the thermodynamics of this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Songbai Chen , Bin Wang , Rukeng Su