Related papers: Quarks with Integer Electric Charge
We use a ten dimensional dual string background to aspects of the physics large N four dimensional SU(N) gauge theory, where its fundamental quarks are charged under a background electric field. The theory is N=2 supersymmetric for…
An extension of the Standard Model to the local gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ which is a subgroup of the electroweak-strong unification group $E_6$ is analyzed. The mass scales, the gauge boson masses, and the masses…
Since the electric charge in the standard model is theoretically not quantized, we may have a variant of it, called dark charge. Similar to the electric charge, the dark charge neither commutes nor closes algebraically with $SU(2)_L$. The…
The pattern of quark and lepton mass matrices is unexplained in the standard model of particle interactions. I propose the novel idea of a progressive gauge U(1) symmetry where it is a reflection of the regressive electroweak symmetry…
Quark masses are included in the SCET Lagrangian. Treating the strange quark mass as order Lambda_{QCD}, we find that strange quark mass terms are suppressed in SCET1, but are leading order in SCET2. This is relevant for B decays to K^* and…
The successful description of current data provided by the Standard Model includes fundamental fermions that are color-singlets and electroweak-nonsinglets, but no fermions that are electroweak-singlets and color-nonsinglets. In an effort…
Basing on the general photon eigenstate and anomaly cancellation, it is shown that the electric charge quantization in SU(3)_c X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X model with exotic particles can be obtained independently on parameters alpha and betta. The…
It is shown that the physical ``quark number'' charges which appear in the central charge of the supersymmetry algebra of $N=2$ supersymmetric QCD can take irrational values and depend non trivially on the Higgs expectation value. This…
We consider a quenched SU(2)$\times$U(1) gauge Higgs theory on the lattice, coupled to a static vector-like fermion which, in this case, is in the same gauge group representation as the Higgs field. Physical (i.e. locally gauge invariant)…
We propose possible ways of explaining the net charge event-by-event fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider within a quark recombination model. We discuss various methods of estimating the number of quarks…
The existence of new vector-like quarks is often predicted by models of new physics beyond the Standard Model, and the development of discovery strategies at colliders is the object of an intense effort from the high-energy community. Our…
We discuss the dynamics of a classical spinless quantum particle carrying electric charge and constrained to move on a non singular static surface in ordinary three dimensional space in the presence of arbitrary configurations of time…
The interactions and even the number of the Higgs scalar fields are not fixed in the SU(2)U(1) standard model of the electro-weak interactions and the intrinsically chiral nature of the weak interactions is not explained. Embedding…
Systematic approaches to building up gauge invariant descriptions of charged fields, such as electrons or quarks, are described. Physically relevant descriptions must then be singled out from a multiplicity of possibilities and to this end…
The spin-charge-family theory, proposed by the author as a possible new way to explain the assumptions of the standard model, predicts at the low energy regime two decoupled groups of four families of quarks and leptons. In two successive…
It is well-known that the charge of fermion is 0 or $\pm1$ in the U(1) gauge theory on noncommutative spacetime. Since the deviation from the standard model in particle physics has not yet observed, and so there may be no room to…
We investigate the phase transition from hadron to quark matter in the general case without the assumption of chemical equilibrium. The effects of net strangeness on charge and isospin fractions, chemical potentials, and temperature are…
The 331 model, an extension of the standard electroweak theory to $SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$, naturally predicts three families of quarks and leptons via the requirement of anomaly cancellation. This is accomplished by making one of the quark…
We classify the meson and baryon long lived resonances considering quarks with electric charge 5/3 and $-4/3$ (in units of $\vert e\vert$) predicted by some 3-3-1 models. Some of these exotic resonances have the usual electric charges…
We propose a new model of leptons and quarks based on the discrete flavor symmetry $T'$, the double covering of $A_4$, in which the hierarchies of charged fermion masses and the mildness of neutrino masses are responsible for Higgs scalars.…