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We measure triangular flow relative to the reaction plane at 3 GeV center-of-mass energy in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A significant $v_3$ signal for protons is observed, which increases for higher…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-04-22 STAR Collaboration , M. I. Abdulhamid , B. E. Aboona , J. Adam , L. Adamczyk , J. R. Adams , I. Aggarwal , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , E. C. Aschenauer , S. Aslam , J. Atchison , V. Bairathi , J. G. Ball Cap , K. Barish , R. Bellwied , P. Bhagat , A. Bhasin , S. Bhatta , S. R. Bhosale , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , J. D. Brandenburg , C. Broodo , X. Z. Cai , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , D. Cebra , J. Ceska , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , B. K. Chan , Z. Chang , A. Chatterjee , D. Chen , J. Chen , J. H. Chen , Z. Chen , J. Cheng , Y. Cheng , S. Choudhury , W. Christie , X. Chu , H. J. Crawford , M. Csanád , G. Dale-Gau , A. Das , I. M. Deppner , A. Dhamija , P. Dixit , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , E. Duckworth , J. C. Dunlop , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , S. Esumi , O. Evdokimov , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , C. J. Feng , Y. Feng , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , F. A. Flor , C. Fu , C. A. Gagliardi , T. Galatyuk , T. Gao , F. Geurts , N. Ghimire , A. Gibson , K. Gopal , X. Gou , D. Grosnick , A. Gupta , W. Guryn , A. Hamed , Y. Han , S. Harabasz , M. D. Harasty , J. W. Harris , H. Harrison-Smith , W. He , X. H. He , Y. He , N. Herrmann , L. Holub , C. Hu , Q. Hu , Y. Hu , H. Huang , H. Z. Huang , S. L. Huang , T. Huang , X. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Huang , T. J. Humanic , M. Isshiki , W. W. Jacobs , A. Jalotra , C. Jena , A. Jentsch , Y. Ji , J. Jia , C. Jin , X. Ju , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , D. Kapukchyan , K. Kauder , D. Keane , A. Khanal , Y. V. Khyzhniak , D. P. Kikoła , D. Kincses , I. Kisel , A. Kiselev , A. G. Knospe , H. S. Ko , L. K. Kosarzewski , L. Kumar , M. C. Labonte , R. Lacey , J. M. Landgraf , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , J. H. Lee , Y. H. Leung , N. Lewis , C. Li , D. Li , H-S. Li , H. Li , W. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , Y. Li , Z. Li , X. Liang , Y. Liang , R. Licenik , T. Lin , Y. Lin , M. A. Lisa , C. Liu , G. Liu , H. Liu , L. Liu , T. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Z. Liu , T. Ljubicic , O. Lomicky , R. S. Longacre , E. M. Loyd , T. Lu , J. Luo , X. F. Luo , L. Ma , R. Ma , Y. G. Ma , N. Magdy , D. Mallick , R. Manikandhan , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , G. McNamara , K. Mi , S. Mioduszewski , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , I. Mooney , M. I. Nagy , A. S. Nain , J. D. Nam , M. Nasim , D. Neff , J. M. Nelson , D. B. Nemes , M. Nie , G. Nigmatkulov , T. Niida , T. Nonaka , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , S. Oh , K. Okubo , B. S. Page , R. Pak , A. Pandav , T. Pani , A. Paul , B. Pawlik , D. Pawlowska , C. Perkins , J. Pluta , B. R. Pokhrel , M. Posik , T. Protzman , V. Prozorova , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , J. Putschke , Z. Qin , H. Qiu , C. Racz , S. K. Radhakrishnan , A. Rana , R. L. Ray , R. Reed , H. G. Ritter , C. W. Robertson , M. Robotkova , M. A. Rosales Aguilar , D. Roy , P. Roy Chowdhury , L. Ruan , A. K. Sahoo , N. R. Sahoo , H. Sako , S. Salur , S. Sato , B. C. Schaefer , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , F-J. Seck , J. Seger , R. Seto , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , P. V. Shanmuganathan , T. Shao , M. Sharma , N. Sharma , R. Sharma , S. R. Sharma , A. I. Sheikh , D. Shen , D. Y. Shen , K. Shen , S. S. Shi , Y. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , F. Si , J. Singh , S. Singha , P. Sinha , M. J. Skoby , N. Smirnov , Y. Söhngen , Y. Song , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , M. Stefaniak , D. J. Stewart , B. Stringfellow , Y. Su , A. A. P. Suaide , M. Sumbera , C. Sun , X. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. Sun , B. Surrow , Z. W. Sweger , A. C. Tamis , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , T. Tarnowsky , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , T. Todoroki , S. Trentalange , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , T. Truhlar , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , C. Y. Tsang , Z. Tu , J. Tyler , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , J. Vanek , I. Vassiliev , V. Verkest , F. Videbæk , S. A. Voloshin , F. Wang , G. Wang , J. S. Wang , J. Wang , K. Wang , X. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Z. Wang , J. C. Webb , P. C. Weidenkaff , G. D. Westfall , D. Wielanek , H. Wieman , G. Wilks , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , J. Wu , J. Wu , X. Wu , X. Wu , B. Xi , Z. G. Xiao , G. Xie , W. Xie , H. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. Xu , Y. Xu , Z. Xu , Z. Xu , G. Yan , Z. Yan , C. Yang , Q. Yang , S. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Ye , Z. Ye , L. Yi , K. Yip , Y. Yu , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , C. Zhang , D. Zhang , J. Zhang , S. Zhang , W. Zhang , X. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. J. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Zhang , F. Zhao , J. Zhao , M. Zhao , J. Zhou , S. Zhou , Y. Zhou , X. Zhu , M. Zurek , M. Zyzak

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been quite successful in explaining the collective behaviour of the QCD matter produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We briefly review the latest developments in the hydrodynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-10-28 Amaresh Jaiswal , Victor Roy

The lecture is a brief review of the following topics: (i) collective flow phenomena in heavy ion collisions. The data from RHIC indicate robust collective flows, well described by hydrodynamics with expected Equation of State. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 Edward Shuryak

The experimental study of the collisions of heavy nuclei at relativistic energies has established the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of hot, dense nuclear matter in which quarks and gluons are not bound into hadrons. In…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 C. Aidala , Y. Akiba , M. Alfred , V. Andrieux , K. Aoki , N. Apadula , H. Asano , C. Ayuso , B. Azmoun , V. Babintsev , A. Bagoly , N. S. Bandara , K. N. Barish , S. Bathe , A. Bazilevsky , M. Beaumier , R. Belmont , A. Berdnikov , Y. Berdnikov , D. S. Blau , M. Boer , J. S. Bok , M. L. Brooks , J. Bryslawskyj , V. Bumazhnov , C. Butler , S. Campbell , V. Canoa Roman , R. Cervantes , C. Y. Chi , M. Chiu , I. J. Choi , J. B. Choi , Z. Citron , M. Connors , N. Cronin , M. Csanád , T. Csörgő , T. W. Danley , M. S. Daugherity , G. David , K. DeBlasio , K. Dehmelt , A. Denisov , A. Deshpande , E. J. Desmond , A. Dion , D. Dixit , L. D. Liu , J. H. Do , A. Drees , K. A. Drees , M. Dumancic , J. M. Durham , A. Durum , T. Elder , A. Enokizono , H. En'yo , S. Esumi , B. Fadem , W. Fan , N. Feege , D. E. Fields , M. Finger , M. Finger, , S. L. Fokin , J. E. Frantz , A. Franz , A. D. Frawley , Y. Fukuda , C. Gal , P. Gallus , P. Garg , H. Ge , F. Giordano , Y. Goto , N. Grau , S. V. Greene , M. Grosse Perdekamp , T. Gunji , H. Guragain , T. Hachiya , J. S. Haggerty , K. I. Hahn , H. Hamagaki , H. F. Hamilton , S. Y. Han , J. Hanks , S. Hasegawa , T. O. S. Haseler , X. He , T. K. Hemmick , J. C. Hill , K. Hill , A. Hodges , R. S. Hollis , K. Homma , B. Hong , T. Hoshino , N. Hotvedt , J. Huang , S. Huang , K. Imai , J. Imrek , M. Inaba , A. Iordanova , D. Isenhower , Y. Ito , D. Ivanishchev , B. V. Jacak , M. Jezghani , Z. Ji , X. Jiang , B. M. Johnson , V. Jorjadze , D. Jouan , D. S. Jumper , J. H. Kang , D. Kapukchyan , S. Karthas , D. Kawall , A. V. Kazantsev , V. Khachatryan , A. Khanzadeev , C. Kim , D. J. Kim , E. -J. Kim , M. Kim , M. H. Kim , D. Kincses , E. Kistenev , J. Klatsky , P. Kline , T. Koblesky , D. Kotov , S. Kudo , K. Kurita , Y. Kwon , J. G. Lajoie , E. O. Lallow , A. Lebedev , S. Lee , S. H. Lee , M. J. Leitch , Y. H. Leung , N. A. Lewis , X. Li , S. H. Lim , M. X. Liu , V-R Loggins , V. -R. Loggins , S. Lökös , K. Lovasz , D. Lynch , T. Majoros , Y. I. Makdisi , M. Makek , M. Malaev , V. I. Manko , E. Mannel , H. Masuda , M. McCumber , P. L. McGaughey , D. McGlinchey , C. McKinney , M. Mendoza , A. C. Mignerey , D. E. Mihalik , A. Milov , D. K. Mishra , J. T. Mitchell , G. Mitsuka , S. Miyasaka , S. Mizuno , P. Montuenga , T. Moon , D. P. Morrison , S. I. Morrow , T. Murakami , J. Murata , K. Nagai , K. Nagashima , T. Nagashima , J. L. Nagle , M. I. Nagy , I. Nakagawa , H. Nakagomi , K. Nakano , C. Nattrass , T. Niida , R. Nouicer , T. Novák , N. Novitzky , R. Novotny , A. S. Nyanin , E. O'Brien , C. A. Ogilvie , J. D. Orjuela Koop , J. D. Osborn , A. Oskarsson , G. J. Ottino , K. Ozawa , V. Pantuev , V. Papavassiliou , J. S. Park , S. Park , S. F. Pate , M. Patel , W. Peng , D. V. Perepelitsa , G. D. N. Perera , D. Yu. Peressounko , C. E. PerezLara , J. Perry , R. Petti , M. Phipps , C. Pinkenburg , R. P. Pisani , A. Pun , M. L. Purschke , P. V. Radzevich , K. F. Read , D. Reynolds , V. Riabov , Y. Riabov , D. Richford , T. Rinn , S. D. Rolnick , M. Rosati , Z. Rowan , J. Runchey , A. S. Safonov , T. Sakaguchi , H. Sako , V. Samsonov , M. Sarsour , K. Sato , S. Sato , B. Schaefer , B. K. Schmoll , K. Sedgwick , R. Seidl , A. Sen , R. Seto , A. Sexton , D. Sharma , I. Shein , T. -A. Shibata , K. Shigaki , M. Shimomura , T. Shioya , P. Shukla , A. Sickles , C. L. Silva , D. Silvermyr , B. K. Singh , C. P. Singh , V. Singh , M. J. Skoby , M. Slunečka , K. L. Smith , M. Snowball , R. A. Soltz , W. E. Sondheim , S. P. Sorensen , I. V. Sourikova , P. W. Stankus , S. P. Stoll , T. Sugitate , A. Sukhanov , T. Sumita , J. Sun , Z Sun , Z. Sun , S. Syed , J. Sziklai , A Takeda , K. Tanida , M. J. Tannenbaum , S. Tarafdar , A. Taranenko , A. Taranenko , G. Tarnai , R. Tieulent , A. Timilsina , T. Todoroki , M. Tomášek , C. L. Towell , R. S. Towell , I. Tserruya , Y. Ueda , B. Ujvari , H. W. van Hecke , S. Vazquez-Carson , J. Velkovska , M. Virius , V. Vrba , N. Vukman , X. R. Wang , Z. Wang , Y. Watanabe , Y. S. Watanabe , C. P. Wong , C. L. Woody , C. Xu , Q. Xu , L. Xue , S. Yalcin , Y. L. Yamaguchi , H. Yamamoto , A. Yanovich , P. Yin , J. H. Yoo , I. Yoon , H. Yu , I. E. Yushmanov , W. A. Zajc , A. Zelenski , S. Zharko , L. Zou

We investigate the thermal production of charm quarks in the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) created in heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies. Our study is based on the off-shell parton-hadron-string dynamics (PHSD)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-28 Taesoo Song , Ilia Grishmanovskii , Olga Soloveva , Elena Bratkovskaya

We study proton-gold collisions at RHIC energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV within the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) off-shell transport approach, investigating the influence of the intense electromagnetic fields generated in these small…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-02-05 Lucia Oliva , Pierre Moreau , Vadim Voronyuk , Elena Bratkovskaya

We investigate dilepton production in heavy-ion, proton-proton, and proton-nucleus collisions from low energies of 1 AGeV (SIS) to ultra-relativistic energies (LHC) using the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. PHSD is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-05-29 Adrian William Romero Jorge , Taesoo Song , Qi Zhou , Elena Bratkovskaya

The suppression of high transverse momentum particles, recently discovered at RHIC, is commonly interpreted as due to parton energy loss. In high energy nuclear collisions, QCD jets would deposit a large fraction of their energy and into…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 F. Antinori , ~E. V. Shuryak

High-energy collisions of heavy ions provide a means to study QCD in a regime of high parton density, and may provide insight into its phase structure. Results from the four experiments at RHIC (BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS and STAR) are…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-09-29 Peter Steinberg

We review the results from the various hydrodynamical and transport models on the collective flow observables from AGS to RHIC energies. A critical discussion of the present status of the CERN experiments on hadron collective flow is given.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 H. Stoecker , E. L. Bratkovskaya , M. Bleicher , S. Soff , X. Zhu

We report the measurement of first-order event plane correlated directed flow $(v_1)$ and triangular flow $v_3$ for identified hadrons ($\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, and $p$), net-particle (net-K, net-p), and light nuclei ($d$ and $t$) in Au+Au…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-12-06 Sharang Rav Sharma

The first measurement of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle distributions relative to the momentum vector of a Z boson for low transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) charged hadrons in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions is presented. By studying the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-02-24 CMS Collaboration

Centrality, rapidity, and transverse momentum dependence of hadron elliptic flow is studied in Au+Au collisions at BNL RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The QGSM predictions coincide well with the experimental…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 E. E. Zabrodin , C. Fuchs , L. V. Bravina , Amand Faessler

A hot, dense medium called a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. Hard parton scatterings generate high momentum partons that traverse the medium, which then fragment into sprays of particle called…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-06-19 Megan Connors , Christine Nattrass , Rosi Reed , Sevil Salur

The creation of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is expected in heavy ion collisions. It came as a surprise that proton-proton collisions at ultrarelativistic energies show as well a ``QGP-like'' behavior and signs of the creation of a fluid,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-10 Jiaxing Zhao , Joerg Aichelin , Pol Bernard Gossiaux , Klaus Werner

In this work, we present preliminary results from a measurement of the recently proposed observable, $v_0(p_T)$, in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76 \text{ TeV}$, using public data from the CMS Open Data portal. This…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-03-09 Allan E. F. G. Ferreira , Cesar A. Bernardes

Anisotropic flow is a sensitive probe of the initial conditions and the transport properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions. In these proceedings, we present the first results of elliptic ($v_2$),…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 You Zhou

We introduce the $p_T$-differential radial flow $v_0(p_T)$ in the heavy-quark sector. Within an event-by-event Langevin framework, we show that this observable exhibits a strong sensitivity to the heavy quark-bulk interaction. It provides a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-23 Maria Lucia Sambataro , Salvatore Plumari , Santosh K. Das , Vincenzo Greco

The study of angular correlations of heavy-flavor particles in hadronic collisions can provide crucial insight into the heavy quark production, showering, and hadronization processes. The comparison with model predictions allows us to…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-03-05 Deepa Thomas , Fabio Colamaria

High-energy nuclear collisions exhibit collective flow, which emerges as a dynamical response of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) to the initial state geometry of the collision. Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions is usually described…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-21 Victor E. Ambrus , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann