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The nonlinear Balitsky-Kovchegov equation at small x is solved numerically, incorporating impact parameter dependence. Confinement is modeled by including effective gluon mass in the dipole evolution kernel, which regulates the splitting of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-28 Jeffrey Berger , Anna M. Stasto

Over the past few years, the federated learning ($\texttt{FL}$) community has witnessed a proliferation of new $\texttt{FL}$ algorithms. However, our understating of the theory of $\texttt{FL}$ is still fragmented, and a thorough, formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Saber Malekmohammadi , Kiarash Shaloudegi , Zeou Hu , Yaoliang Yu

We study the inclusion of running coupling corrections into the non-linear small-x JIMWLK and BK evolution equations by resumming all powers of alpha_s N_f in the evolution kernels. We demonstrate that the running coupling corrections are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Yuri V. Kovchegov , Heribert Weigert

The modified evolution equation for parton distributions of Dokshitzer, Marchesini and Salam is extended to non-singlet Deep Inelastic Scattering coefficient functions and the physical evolution kernels which govern their scaling violation.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-19 Georges Grunberg

We study the solution of the nonlinear BK evolution equation with the recently calculated running coupling corrections [hep-ph/0609105, hep-ph/0609090]. Performing a numerical solution we confirm the earlier result of [hep-ph/0408216] that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Javier L. Albacete , Yuri V. Kovchegov

We perform analysis of the small x non-linear evolution equation formulated in momentum space supplemented by higher order terms. The equation is defined in wide range of transverse momentum and longitudinal momentum fraction extending…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-03 Krzysztof Kutak , Wanchen Li , Anna Stasto , Robert Straka

We review the current status of small x resummation of evolution of parton distributions and of deep-inelastic coefficient functions. We show that the resummed perturbative expansion is stable, robust upon different treatments of subleading…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-13 Stefano Forte , Guido Altarelli , Richard D. Ball

We start from the two existing QCD evolution equations for structure functions, the BFKL and DGLAP equations, and discuss the theoretical hints for a unifying picture of the evolution in $x$ and $Q^2.$ The main difficulty is due to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Peschanski

We present a number of new contributions to the topic of constructing efficient higher-order splitting methods for the numerical integration of evolution equations. Particular schemes are constructed via setup and solution of polynomial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-04-06 Winfried Auzinger , Harald Hofstätter , David Ketcheson , Othmar Koch

The QCD expectations for the behaviour of the deep inelastic scattering structure functions in the region of small values of the Bjorken parameter $x$ are summarized. The Balitzkij, Lipatov, Fadin, Kuraev (BFKL) equation which sums the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 J. Kwiecinski

The perturbative QCD predictions concerning deep inelastic scattering at low $x$ are summarized. The theoretical framework based on the leading log $1/x$ resummation and $k_t$ factorization theorem is described and some recent developments…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-03-25 J. Kwiecinski

Higher twist corrections to the structure function F_2 at small x are studied for the case of a flat initial condition for the twist-two QCD evolution in the next-to-leading order approximation. We present an analytical parameterization of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alexei Yu. Illarionov , Anatoly V. Kotikov , Gonzalo Parente

We give a detailed account of the phenomenology of all-order resummations of logarithmically enhanced contributions at small momentum fraction of the observed hadron in semi-inclusive electron-positron annihilation and the time-like scale…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-03-15 Daniele P. Anderle , Tom Kaufmann , Felix Ringer , Marco Stratmann

We propose a new unified evolution equation for parton distribution functions appropriate for both large and small Bjorken variables $x$, which is an improved version of the Ciafaloni-Catani-Fiorani-Marchesini equation. In this new equation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-17 Jyh-Liong Lim , Hsiang-nan Li

We construct an evolution equation for the $B$ meson wave functions in the $k_T$ factorization theorem, whose solutions sum the double logarithms associated with the light-cone singularities, namely, the rapidity logarithms. The derivation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-11 Hsiang-nan Li , Yue-Long Shen , Yu-Ming Wang

Some outstanding issues in high energy scattering are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on recent developments concerning the next-to-leading log corrections to the BFKL equation.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 M. F. McDermott

We analyze several generic proximal splitting algorithms well suited for large-scale convex nonsmooth optimization. We derive sublinear and linear convergence results with new rates on the function value suboptimality or distance to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-28 Laurent Condat , Grigory Malinovsky , Peter Richtárik

Considering the BFKL and DGLAP QCD evolution equations for structure functions, we discuss the possibility of unifying them in the whole $x$ and $Q^2$ range. We emphasize that the main problem is related to the constraint of angular…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Wallon

This paper presents a solution to the nonlinear small x ``projectile side'' evolution equations as derived by Balitskii in 1996. The solution is based on functional Fokker-Planck methods. The fixed point at small x is explicitly calculated…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Heribert Weigert

Recent data on the structure function F_2(x,Q^2) at small values of x are analysed and compared with theoretical expectations. It is shown that the observed rise at small x is consistent with a logarithmic increase, growing logarithmically…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 W. Buchmuller , D. Haidt