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For the case of two light flavors we propose the stringy description of the system consisting of two heavy and three light quarks, with the aim of exploring the quark organization inside the system and its low-lying Born-Oppenheimer…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-02-15 Oleg Andreev

We propose a collective stringlike model of pentaquarks with the geometry of an equilateral tetrahedron in which the four quarks are located at the four corners and the antiquark in its center. The nonplanar equilibrium configuration is a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-11-02 R. Bijker , M. M. Giannini , E. Santopinto

Despite the apparent simplicity of meson spectroscopy there are some states which cannot be accommodated in the usual $q\bar q$ structure. Among them there are either exotic states as the X(1600) or the recently measured charm states…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-05 J. Vijande , F. Fernandez , A. Valcarce

The hidden-charm pentaquark states $P_{c\bar{c}}\left(4312\right)^+$, $P_{c\bar{c}}\left(4380\right)^+$, $P_{c\bar{c}}\left(4440\right)^+$, and $P_{c\bar{c}}\left(4457\right)^+$, all with isospin $I = 1/2$, were discovered by the LHCb…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-19 Nora Brambilla , Abhishek Mohapatra , Antonio Vairo

Within the diquark-antidiquark framework, this study investigates the masses of ground-state tetraquarks composed of heavy charm ($c$) and bottom ($b$) quarks and antiquarks, using the Bethe-Salpeter formalism. We establish the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-25 Zhen-Yang Wang , Jing-Juan Qi , Zhen-Hua Zhang , Xin-Heng Guo

We discuss the properties of the pentaquark in a collective stringlike model with a nonplanar configuration of the four quarks and the antiquark. In an application to the mass spectrum of exotic Theta baryons, we find that the ground state…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-11-02 R. Bijker , M. M. Giannini , E. Santopinto

In this article, we study the scalar-diquark-scalar-diquark-antiquark type $udsc\bar{c}$ pentaquark state with the QCD sum rules, the predicted mass $M_P=4.47\pm0.11\,\rm{GeV}$ is in excellent agreement with the experimental data $ 4458.8…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-05 Zhi-Gang Wang

The possibility that leptons, quarks or both might be highly relativistic bound states of a spin-0 and spin-1/2 constituent bound by minimal electrodynamics is discussed. Typically, strongly bound solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-24 G. B. Mainland

We consider decays of the lowest-lying radially excited baryons. Assuming a single-quark decay approximation, and negligible configuration mixing, we make model-independent predictions for the partial decay widths to final states with a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carl E. Carlson

We study the possibility that at least one of the two pentaquark structures recently reported by LHCb can be described as a compact pentaquark state, and we give predictions for new channels that can be studied by the experimentalists if…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-07-26 Elena Santopinto , Alessandro Giachino

Strange hidden-charm pentaquark states have been systematically investigated within a diquark-triquark model. Through a Gaussian expansion method, masses of some diquarks, triquarks and strange hidden-charmed pentaquark states from S-wave…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-23 Zhe-Hao Cao , Zhi-Yuan Chen , You-You Lin , Ji-Ying Wang , Ailin Zhang

We present arguments regarding diquarks possible role in low-energy hadron phenomenology that escaped theorists' attention so far. Good diquarks, i.e. the $0^{+}$ states of two quarks, are argued to have a two-component structure with one…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Shifman , A. Vainshtein

The LHCb collaboration reported a fully charmed tetraquark state X(6900) in the invariant mass spectrum of $J/\psi$ pairs in 2020. This discovery inspires us to further study the fully heavy pentaquark system. In this work, we investigate…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-05 Hong-Tao An , Si-Qiang Luo , Zhan-Wei Liu , Xiang Liu

In this article, we introduce a relative P-wave to construct the doubly-charm axialvector diquark operator, then take the doubly-charm axialvector (anti)diquark operator as the basic constituent to construct the scalar and tensor tetraquark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-25 Zhi-Gang Wang

We study the weak decays of exotic tetraquark states ${b\bar c}{q\bar q}$ with two heavy quarks. Under the SU(3) symmetry for light quarks, these tetraquarks can be classified into an octet plus a singlet: $3\bigotimes\bar 3=1\bigoplus8$.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-03-12 Gang Li , Xiao-Feng Wang , Ye Xing

Spectrum of the low-lying hidden- and double-charm tetraquark states are investigated in a nonrelativistic quark potential model, where the Instanton-induced interaction is taken as the residual spin-dependent hyperfine interaction between…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-07 Jin-Bao Wang , Gang Li , Chun-Sheng An , Cheng-Rong Deng , Ju-Jun Xie

Using the SU(3) flavor symmetry, we construct the chiral Lagrangians for the light and heavy pentaquarks. The correction from the nonzero quark is taken into account perturbatively. We derive the Gell-Mann$-$Okubo type relations for various…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Y. -R. Liu , A. Zhang , P. -Z. Huang , W. -Z. Deng , X. -L. Chen , Shi-Lin Zhu

In this article, we construct the scalar-diquark-axialvector-diquark-antiquark type interpolating currents, and study the masses and pole residues of the $J^{P}=\frac{3}{2}^{\pm}$ hidden-charmed pentaquark states with the QCD sum rules. In…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-12-13 Jun-Xia Zhang , Zhi-Gang Wang , Zun-Yan Di

We consider decays of the hidden charm LHCb pentaquarks in the hadrocharmonium and molecular scenarios. In both pictures the LHCb pentaquarks are essentially nonrelativistic bound states. We develop a semirelativistic framework for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-01-02 Michael I. Eides , Victor Yu. Petrov

Based on the fact that the long expected pentaquark which possesses the exotic quantum numbers of $B=1$ and $S=1$ was not experimentally found, although exotic states of $XYZ$ have been observed recently, we conjecture that the heavy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-12-04 Xue-Qian Li , Xiang Liu