Related papers: 2PI effective action and gauge invariance problems
For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…
We re-examine the perturbative properties of four-dimensional non-commutative QED by extending the pinch techniques to the theta-deformed case. The explicit independence of the pinched gluon self-energy from gauge-fixing parameters, and the…
We discuss the issue of going off-shell in the proper time formalism. This is done by keeping a finite world sheet cutoff. We construct one example of an off-shell covariant Klein Gordon type interaction. For a suitable choice of the gauge…
Starting from relativistic quantum field theories, describing interacting nucleons and pions coupled to the dynamical electromagnetic field, the pion degrees of freedom are eliminated by means of functional integration. Apart from taking…
The gauge-fixing parameter $\xi$ dependence of two-point gauge variant correlation functions is studied for QED and QCD. We show that, in three Euclidean dimensions, or for four-dimensional thermal gauge theories, the usual procedure of…
It is shown how gauge invariance is obtained for the coupling of a photon to a two-body state described by the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. This is illustrated both for a complex scalar field theory and for interaction kernels…
We discuss the computation of transport coefficients in large N_f QCD and the O(N) model for massive particles. The calculation is organized using the 1/N expansion of the 2PI effective action to next-to-leading order. For the gauge theory,…
In second order perturbation theory different definitions are known of gauge invariant perturbations in single field inflationary models. Consequently the corresponding gauge invariant cubic actions do not have the same form. Here we show…
We analyse the gauge-dependence of the effective action in an interacting quantum theory of gravitational and matter fields. An explicit off-shell result is obtained in a general background gauge at one-loop order, which reduces in a…
We reexamine the invariance of two-photon transition matrix elements and corresponding two-photon Rabi frequencies under the "gauge" transformation from the length to the velocity gauge. It is shown that gauge invariance, in the most…
We consider a free massless scalar field coupled to an infinite tower of background higher-spin gauge fields via minimal coupling to the traceless conserved currents. The set of Abelian gauge transformations is deformed to the non-Abelian…
The dependence of the effective action for gauge theories on the background field obeys an exact identity. We argue that for Abelian theories the Ward identity follows from the more general background field identity. This observation is…
We first note that, at least in perturbation theory, there is a well-defined (subject to regularization) Lorentzian definition of the quantum effective action in both flat and curved space including (perturbative) gravity. The advantage of…
We develop the in-out formalism for one-loop effective actions in electromagnetic fields in the space-dependent gauge. We further advance a method using the inverse scattering matrix to calculate the effective actions in pure magnetic…
The gauge independence of the dynamical fermion mass generated through chiral symmetry breaking in QED in a strong, constant external magnetic field is critically examined. We show that the bare vertex approximation, in which the vertex…
We consider the $\Omega$-deformed $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(2)$ gauge theory in four dimensions with $N_{f}=4$ massive fundamental hypermultiplets. The low energy effective action depends on the deformation parameters $\varepsilon_{1},…
The gauge dependence problem of the effective action for general gauge theories in the framework of a modified functional renormalization group approach proposed recently is studied. It is shown that the effective action remains…
We study the low energy effective action of the $\Omega$-deformed $\mathcal N =2^{*}$ $SU(2) $ gauge theory. It depends on the deformation parameters $\epsilon_{1},\epsilon_{2}$, the scalar field expectation value $a$, and the…
The loss of gauge invariance in models of light-matter interaction which arises from material and photonic space truncation can pose significant challenges to conventional quantum optical models when matter and light strongly hybridize. In…
Basic properties of alternative flow equation in Quantum Gravity are studied. It is shown that the alternative flow equation for effective two-particle irreducible effective action is gauge independent and does not depend on IR parameter…