Related papers: Event-by-Event Fluctuations
Since their discovery, fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have been understood as originating mostly from the random positions of nucleons within the colliding nuclei. We consider an alternative approach where all the…
With the help of transport and statistical models, we find that the ratios of higher net-proton cumulants measured at RHIC are dominated by the statistical fluctuations. Future measurements should focus on the dynamical fluctuations, which…
We analyze the event-by-event fluctuations of mean transverse-momentum measured recently by the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations at RHIC. We argue that the observed scaling of strength of dynamical fluctuations with the inverse number of…
This contribution presents a review of our present theoretical as well as experimental knowledge of different fluctuation observables relevant to nuclear multifragmentation. The possible connection between the presence of a fluctuation peak…
We introduce from an experimental point of view the main concepts of fluctuation theorems for work, heat and entropy production in out of equilibrium systems. We will discuss the important difference between the applications of these…
We develop methods to deal with non-dynamical contributions to event-by-event fluctuation measurements of net-particle numbers in relativistic nuclear collisions. These contributions arise from impact parameter fluctuations and from the…
Event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations ($\langle p_\mathrm{T}\rangle$) serve as a sensitive probe of initial state overlap geometry and energy density fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present a systematic…
We propose several new observables/correlators, based on correlations between two or more subevents separated in pseudorapidity $\eta$, to study the longitudinal flow fluctuations. We show that these observables are sensitive to the…
We study the dynamical fluctuations of various particle yield ratios at different incident energies. Assuming that the particle production yields in the hydronic final state are due to equilibrium chemical processes ($\gamma=1$), the…
We discuss universal properties of higher order cumulants of net baryon number fluctuations and point out their relevance for the analysis of freeze-out and critical conditions in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC.
What is the major difference between large and small systems? At small length-scales the dynamics is dominated by fluctuations, whereas at large scales fluctuations are irrelevant. Therefore, any thermodynamically consistent description of…
The event-by-event fluctuations of suitably chosen observables in heavy ion collisions at SPS, RHIC and LHC can tell us about the thermodynamic properties of the hadronic system at freeze-out. By studying these fluctuations as a function of…
We explain how event-by-event fluctuations of particle ratios can constrain and falsify the statistical model of particle production in heavy ion collisions, using $K/\pi$ fluctuations as an example. We define an observable capable of…
Event-by-event fluctuations of mean pt and net charge in 40, 80, and 158 AGeV/c Pb+Au collisions are presented. The observed dynamical mean pt fluctuations in central events of about 1 % are very similar to results from RHIC. The centrality…
The interpretation of the new effect of the superfluidity in reactions with small number of particles is discussed in a simple model where the exact solution is accessible. It is find that the fluctuations of observable with the gauge angle…
A new method is presented for determining event-by-event fluctuations of elliptic flow, $v_2$, using first-order event planes. By studying the event-by-event distributions of $v_2$ observables and first-order event-plane observables,…
The event-by-event p_T-fluctuations in proton-proton and central Pb-Pb collisions, which have been experimentally studied by means of the so-called Phi-measure, are analyzed. The contribution due to the correlation which couples the average…
We propose Kolmogorov-Smirnov test as a means for recognising event-by-event fluctuations of rapidity distributions in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Such fluctuations may be induced by the spinodal decomposition of the rapidly…
We review the main features of event-by-event fluctuations of the content of the Fock states of onia (as models for dilute hadrons, or as bare hadronic components of virtual photons), as well as some of their observable consequences. We…
Connections between charge balance functions, charge fluctuations and correlations are presented. It is shown that charge fluctuations can be directly expressed in terms of a balance functions under certain assumptions. The distortion of…