Related papers: An Electroweak Weizsacker-Williams Method
The quantum electromagnetic (EM) field is formulated in the Weyl-Wigner representation (WW), which is equivalent to the standard Hilbert space one (HS). In principle it is possible to interpret within WW all experiments involving the EM…
While the thermodynamics for bosonic systems with weak $s$-wave interactions has been known for decades, a general and systematic extension to higher partial waves has not yet been reported. We provide closed-form expressions for the…
1. Introduction, 2. Gauge Theories, 3. The Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions, 4. The Higgs Mechanism, 5. The CKM Matrix, 6. Renormalisation and Higher Order Corrections, 7. Why we do Believe in the Standard Model: Precision Tests,…
Effective Field Theories (EFTs) capture effects from heavy dynamics at low energy and represent an essential ingredient in the context of Standard Model (SM) precision tests. This document gathers a number of relevant scenarios for heavy…
In this paper, we construct a type of interacting particle systems to approximate a class of stochastic different equations whose coefficients depend on the conditional probability distributions of the processes given partial observations.…
The standard model for electroweak interactions uses the concepts of weak hypercharge and local gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density under the gauge group SU(2) x U(1). Taylor has remarked that U(1), being a multiply-connected group,…
Electroweak theory joins electromagnetism with the weak force in a single quantum field theory, ascribing the two fundamental interactions--so different in their manifestations--to a common symmetry principle. How the electroweak gauge…
A new weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for solving the biharmonic equation in two or three dimensional spaces by using polynomials of reduced order is introduced and analyzed. The WG method is on the use of weak functions and their…
Within the frame of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics in causal media, the van der Waals interaction between an atomic system and an arbitrary arrangement of dispersing and absorbing dielectric bodies including metals is studied. It is…
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamical forces among the fundamental constituents of matter. The particle content, structure and symmetries of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to…
The conditions obtained by Salam for a general gauge theory to be renormalizable are derived. They require that in a gauge invariant formalism the bare boson mass associated with the massive non-Abelian vector field is zero. A solution to…
This paper theoretically analyzes the behavior of an atom driven by a strong electro-magnetic field. Moreover, besides traditional quantum mechanics method, we also investigate semiclassical approaches to this problem. We first performed…
A variational method is discussed, based on the principle of minimal variance. The method seems to be suited for gauge interacting fermions, and the simple case of quantum electrodynamics is discussed in detail. The issue of renormalization…
We consider a class of weakly interacting particle systems of mean-field type. The interactions between the particles are encoded in a graph sequence, i.e., two particles are interacting if and only if they are connected in the underlying…
The Whitham approach is a well-studied method to describe non-linear integrable systems. Although approximate in nature, its results may predict rather accurately the time evolution of such systems in many situations given initial…
We present an effective action for the electroweak sector of the Standard Model valid for the calculation of scattering amplitudes in the high energy (Regge) limit. Gauge invariant Wilson lines are introduced to describe reggeized degrees…
We briefly review the global Standard Model fit to electroweak precision data, and discuss the status of electroweak constraints on new interactions. We follow a general effective Lagrangian approach to obtain model-independent limits on…
The Unified Gas-Kinetic Wave-Particle (UGKWP) method, developed for multiscale simulation of partially ionized plasmas, has been extended to unstructured meshes, enabling the modeling of electromagnetic flows around a hemisphere across…
A novel dielectric scheme is proposed for strongly coupled electron liquids that handles quantum mechanical effects beyond the random phase approximation level and treats electronic correlations within the integral equation theory of…
This paper presents a new and efficient numerical algorithm for the biharmonic equation by using weak Galerkin (WG) finite element methods. The WG finite element scheme is based on a variational form of the biharmonic equation that is…