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The sources and fluxes of superGZK neutrinos, $E>10^{20}$ eV, are discussed. The most promising sources are reionization bright phase, topological defects, superheavy dark matter and mirror matter. The energy of neutrinos can be above the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Veniamin Berezinsky

Neutrino astronomy offers the possibility to perform extra-galactic observations well beyond the photon absorption cutoff above 50 TeV. Based on observations of cosmic rays, we already know that astrophysical sources produce particles with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 David Saltzberg

The new generation of powerful instruments is reaching sensitivities and temporal resolutions that will allow multi-messenger astronomy of explosive transient phenomena, with high-energy neutrinos as a central figure. We derive general…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-12 Claire Guépin , Kumiko Kotera

The interest in blazars as candidate neutrino emitters grew after the 3$\sigma$ evidence for a contemporaneous joint photon and neutrino emission from the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in 2017. Blazars, a class of extragalactic sources with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-27 Ilaria Viale , Giacomo Principe , Chiara Righi , Matteo Cerruti , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Elisa Bernardini

We summarize recent results of the observations of high (1 TeV-100 PeV) and ultrahigh ($\geq 100$ PeV) energy neutrinos, including the detection of a diffuse cosmic high-energy neutrino background, the identification of the first neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Ke Fang , Kohta Murase

Recently the Fermi-LAT data have revealed two gamma-ray emitting bubble-shaped structures at the Galactic center. If the observed gamma rays have hadronic origin (collisions of accelerated protons), the bubbles must emit high energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-07-06 Cecilia Lunardini , Soebur Razzaque

For the first time since the discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos by IceCube, a multimessenger campaign identified a distant gamma ray blazar, TXS 0506+056, as the source of a high-energy neutrino. The extraordinary brightness of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-03 Francis Halzen , Ali Kheirandish , Thomas Weisgarber , Scott P. Wakely

IceCube discovered a flux of cosmic neutrinos originating in extragalactic sources with an energy density close to that in gamma rays and cosmic rays. A multimessenger campaign triggered by the coincident observation of a gamma-ray flare…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-23 Francis Halzen

The sources responsible for the emission of high-energy ($\gtrsim$ 100 TeV) neutrinos detected by IceCube are still unknown. Among the possible candidates, active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets are often examined, since the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-14 F. Tavecchio , C. Righi , A. Capetti , P. Grandi , G. Ghisellini

This is a review of high energy neutrino astronomy that might be done with a kilometer-scale detector. The emphasis is on diffuse neutrinos of extragalactic origin and their relation to possible sources of the highest energy cosmic rays,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. K. Gaisser

We treat high-energy neutrino production in GRBs. Detailed calculations of photomeson neutrino production are presented for the collapsar model, where internal nonthermal synchrotron radiation is the primary target photon field, and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Charles D. Dermer , Armen Atoyan

The detection of high-energy neutrinos from NGC 1068 and TXS-0506+56 suggests that active galactic nuclei (AGN) may contribute significantly to the the diffuse neutrino flux measured by IceCube. Using 10 years of publicly available IceCube…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-03 Samyak Jain , Dan Hooper , Francis Halzen

The observed fluxes of cosmic rays and gamma rays are used to infer the maximum allowed high-energy neutrino flux allowed for Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), following Mannheim, Protheroe, and Rachen (2000). It is shown that if GRBs produce the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Karl Mannheim

We explored the expected properties of the neutrino emission from accreting neutron stars in X-ray binaries using numerical simulations. The simulations are based on a model in which neutrinos are produced by the decay of charged pions and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-15 L. Ducci , E. Perinati , P. Romano , S. Vercellone , M. Nikołajuk , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki

The field of high-energy neutrino astronomy is undergoing a rapid evolution. After the discovery of a diffuse flux of astrophysical TeV-PeV neutrinos in 2013, the IceCube observatory has recently found first compelling evidence for neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Markus Ahlers

Recent astronomical observations reveal that Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are sources of high-energy radiation. For example, the Fermi-LAT and Hess telescopes have detected gamma-ray emissions from the cores of several types of AGN's. Even…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-08-15 J. C. Arteaga-Velazquez , Angelo Martinez

Located at the South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the world largest neutrino telescope, instrumenting one cubic kilometre of Antarctic ice at a depth between 1450m to 2450m. In 2013 IceCube reported the first observations of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-13 Matthias Huber

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has recently reported strong evidence for neutrino emission from the Galactic plane. The signal is consistent with model predictions of diffuse emission from cosmic ray propagation in the interstellar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-09 Antonio Ambrosone , Kathrine Mørch Groth , Enrico Peretti , Markus Ahlers

The origin of the astrophysical neutrino flux reported by the IceCube Collaboration remains an open question. In this study, we use three years of publicly available IceCube data to search for evidence of neutrino emission from the blazars…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-17 Daniel Smith , Dan Hooper , Abigail Vieregg

We investigate the IceCube detection potential of very high energy neutrinos from blazars, for different classes of "hadronic" models, taking into account the limits imposed on the neutrino flux by the recent Fermi telescope observations.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-11-05 M. Ribordy , A. Neronov