Related papers: The CKM Matrix and The Unitarity Triangle: Another…
The nearly right unitarity triangle can be simply obtained if a quark mass matrix is written as a linear combination of real rank-1 matrices and the coefficient which gives the mass of the second generation is pure imaginary. Supposing that…
We point out that there exists an absolute lower bound on sin 2\beta in all models with minimal flavour violation (MFV), that do not have any new operators beyond those present in the Standard Model and in which all flavour changing…
The CKM matrix and its unitarity is analyzed by disentangling experimental information obtained from three different particle systems of neutrons, mesons, and nuclei. New physics beyond the Standard Model is supported under the new…
Noting the hierarchy between three mixing angles, $\theta_{2,3}={\cal O}(\theta_1^2)$, we present an exact form of the quark mixing matrix, replacing Wolfenstein's approximate form. In addition, we suggest to rotate the unitarity triangle,…
Of the three angles that make up the CKM matrix, the least well known is gamma. A precision measurement of this quantity is highly desirable as it forms one of the arbitrary parameters in the Standard Model. Moreover, this is the one angle…
The Cabibbo-Cobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix parametrizes the misalignement between the up- and down-quark mass basis in the Standard Model (SM). The observation of first row CKM unitarity violation has recently emerged as a new anomaly of…
Constraints on angles of Unitarity triangle are reviewed, and in particular constraint on $\gamma$ from limit on $\Delta m_s$ is emphasized. Effects of penguin diagram on measurement of $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are then reviewed. New…
In view of the observed strong hierarchy of the quark and lepton masses and of the flavor mixing angles, it is argued that the description of flavor mixing must take this into account. One particularly interesting way to describe the flavor…
In the past 10 years our knowledge of the parameters rho and eta of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix has improved substantially. This article reviews the measurements that contributed to this advance, and discusses their implication in…
The CKM angle $\gamma$ is important for testing the unitarity of the CKM matrix and searching for new physics. $\gamma$ can be extracted by the interference between $b\to u$ and $b\to c$ in the B factory such as LHCb and Belle-II.…
In this work, the postulation that weak CP phase originates in a certain geometry, is further discussed. According to this postulation, the weak CP phase is determined by three mixing angles. So, if we can determine experimentally three…
The actual limit of the unitarity condition of the first row of the CKM matrix |V_ud|^2+|V_us|^2+|V_ub|^2=1+\Delta_CKM is \Delta_CKM=-0.0001(6). In 2010 the same was \Delta_CKM=+0.0001(6). Despite the only difference of a sign, and with an…
In the context of quark (as for lepton) mixing, we introduce the concept of the matrix of unitarity triangle angles $\Phi$, emphasising that it carries equivalent information to the complex mixing matrix $V$ itself. The angle matrix $\Phi$…
We point out that hints of deviations from unitarity in the first row of the CKM matrix may be explained by the presence of a single vector-like top. We study how the stringent experimental constraints arising from CP Violation in the kaon…
If the Standard Model is correct, and fundamental fermions exist only in the three generations, then the CKM matrix should be unitary. However, there remains a question over a deviation from unitarity from the value of the neutron lifetime.…
The correct quark and charged lepton mass matrices along with a nearly correct CKM matrix may be naturally accommodated in a Pati-Salam model constructed from intersecting D6 branes on a $T^6/(\Z_2 \times \Z_2)$ orientifold. Furthermore,…
Flavour $SU(3)$ symmetry of strong interactions and certain dynamical assumptions have been used in a series of recent publications to extract weak CKM phases from $B$-decays into $\{\pi\pi,\pi K, K\bar K\}$ final states. We point out that…
For the three family quark flavor mixing, the best parametrization is the original Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, $V_{KM}$, with four real parameters: three rotation angles $\theta_{1,2,3}$ and one phase $\delta$. A popular way of presentation…
An overview of plans for the measurement of gamma at the LHCb experiment will be shown. The gamma angle is the least accurately known parameter of the CKM unitary triangle. The LHCb experiment at the CERN LHC aims to perform precision heavy…
I give an introduction to the theory of meson-antimeson mixing, aiming at students who plan to work at a flavour physics experiment or intend to do associated theoretical studies. I derive the formulae for the time evolution of a neutral…