Related papers: The Structure Functions of Real Photon at Low Virt…
In the framework of the perturbative QCD we investigate heavy particle mass effects on the unpolarized and polarized photon structure functions, $F_2^\gamma$ and $g_1^\gamma$, respectively. We present our basic formalism to treat heavy…
Developments in deeply virtual Compton scattering allow the direct measurements of scattering amplitudes for exchange of a highly virtual photon with fine spatial resolution. Real-space images of the target can be obtained from this…
The parton content of real (P^2=0) and virtual (P^2\neq 0) transverse photons \gamma(P^2) is expressed in terms of perturbative pointlike and nonperturbative hadronic (VMD) components, employing recently updated parton distributions of…
In the scaling regime, amplitudes for backward virtual Compton scattering and hadron annihilation into two photons depend on structure functions that describe the hadron-photon transition at the partonic level. We construct simple…
This is the first of two papers in which we study real and virtual photon-proton scattering in a nonperturbative framework. We classify different contributions to this process and identify the leading contributions at high energies. We then…
We construct a low-energy effective field theory which allows the full treatment of isospin-breaking effects in semileptonic weak interactions. To this end, we enlarge the particle spectrum of chiral perturbation theory with virtual photons…
We study photon--meson transition form factors $\gamma^*(Q^2)\gamma \to \pi^0,\eta,\eta'$ at low and moderately high virtualities $Q^2$ of one of the photons, the second photon being real. For the description of the form factor at low…
We construct the explicit one-loop functional of chiral perturbation theory for two light flavours, including virtual photons. We stick to contributions where 1 or 2 mesons and at most one photon are running in the loops. With the explicit…
Chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) is an effective field theory that describes the properties of strongly-interacting systems at energies far below typical hadron masses. The degrees of freedom are hadrons instead of the underlying quarks…
Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the quark dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse…
Parameter-free and perturbatively stable leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) parton densities for real and virtual photons are presented.
We summarise existing experimental and theoretical knowledge on the structure function $F_2$ in the region of low $Q^2$ and low $x$. The constraints on the behaviour of structure functions in the limit $Q^2=0$ are listed. Phenomenological…
We investigate the virtual photon structure function in the supersymmetric QCD (SQCD), where we have squarks and gluinos in addition to the quarks and gluons. Taking into account the heavy particle mass effects to the leading order in QCD…
We derive correlated bounds on ratios of deep inelastic structure functions from the dipole picture of photon-hadron scattering at high energies. In particular we consider ratios of the longitudinal structure function, the total structure…
We examine the QCD corrections to the structure functions $F_2^\gamma(x,Q^2)$ and $F_L^\gamma(x,Q^2)$ for a real photon target. The pointlike photon contributions from light and heavy quarks are computed through $O(\alpha\alpha_S)$. A…
The first measurement of F_2,c^gamma is presented. At low x the measurement indicates a non-zero hadron-like component to F_2,c^gamma. At large x the measurement constitutes a test of perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order, with only m_c…
Virtual corrections for electron--positron annihilation into one real and one off-shell photon of invariant mass Q^2 are evaluated. Special attention is paid to those configurations where the real photon is collinear with the beam…
Measurements of dijet cross sections for virtual photons are presented as a function of $\xo$, the fraction of the virtual photon energy invested in the production of the dijet system, using the ZEUS detector. Comparisons to QCD predictions…
This review covers the measurements of the QED and QCD structure of quasi-real and virtual photons from the reaction ee --> ee gamma* gamma(*) --> ee X.
A review of recent jet measurements of the photon structure from the H1 experiment at HERA. The scale and the virtuality dependence of the effective parton distribution function of the photon is discussed.