Related papers: PYTHIA 6.2 Physics and Manual
In our days, the necessity of laboratory apparatus accustoming by building up specific software objects for studying the virtual evolution of physical phenomena is a major request. In this respect, the aim of the present paper is to present…
Incorporating computer programming exercises into introductory physics is a delicate task that involves a number of choices that may have an effect on student learning. We present a "hybrid" approach that speaks to a number of common…
We introduce a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 3.0 based on PYTHIA 6.428 and the PACIAE 2.2 program series. The simulation framework of C-, B-, and A-loops are designed for the high energy ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}\geq 3$ GeV) and low energy…
The usefulness of the three-body mechanism of $\eta$-meson production is tested by extending to high energies a recently developed two step model of the $p d \to ^3$He $\eta$ reaction by us, which was successful in reproducing the energy…
Plasma supports collective modes and particle-wave interactions that leads to complex behavior in inertial fusion energy applications. While plasma can sometimes be modeled as a charged fluid, a kinetic description is useful towards the…
Understanding the production of quarks and gluons in high energy collisions and their evolution is a very active area of investigation. Monte carlo event generator PYTHIA8 uses the parton shower model to simulate such collisions and is…
The topical subject of Higgs production in diffractive hard scattering events at the Tevatron and LHC is discussed. This has been proposed as a Higgs discovery channel with appealing experimental features. Predictions are obtained from the…
The increased interest in more exclusive fission observables has demanded more detailed models. We present here a new computational model, FREYA, that aims to meet this need by producing large samples of complete fission events from which…
The study and understanding of the details of proton-proton collisions is important since they are the benchmark for the comparison with heavy ion results. In the present work we have studied the $\Delta\eta\Delta\phi$ correlations as a…
We consider the issue of reporting the result of search experiment in the most unbiased and efficient way, i.e. in a way which allows an easy interpretation and combination of results and which do not depend on whether the experimenters…
We release an event generator package, GR@PPA 2.9, for simulating the direct (single) photon and diphoton (double photon) production in hadron collisions. The included programs were used in our previous studies, in which we have explicitly…
Beauty and charm quarks are ideal probes of pertubative Quantum Chromodymanics in proton-proton collisions, owing to their large masses. In this paper the role of multi-parton interactions in the production of doubly-heavy hadrons is…
By studying p-p collisions we hope to improve our understanding of the fundamental constituents of matter and how they form into colorless objects. Measurements of the inclusive jet cross-sections and fragmentation properties have confirmed…
The cosmic ray interaction event generator Sibyll is widely used in extensive air shower simulations. We describe in detail the properties of Sibyll 2.1 and the differences with the original version 1.7. The major structural improvements…
We present a program called potfit which generates an effective atomic interaction potential by matching it to a set of reference data computed in first-principles calculations. It thus allows to perform large-scale atomistic simulations of…
The observation of heavy-ion-like behaviour in pp collisions at the LHC suggests that more physics mechanisms are at play than traditionally assumed. The introduction e.g. of quark-gluon plasma or colour rope formation can describe several…
New sets of CMS underlying-event parameters ("tunes") are presented for the PYTHIA8 event generator. These tunes use the NNPDF3.1 parton distribution functions (PDFs) at leading (LO), next-to-leading (NLO), or next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO)…
Particle production mechanisms in proton+proton and heavy-ion collisions at the LHC energies are discussed. An attempt is made to connect p+p to heavy-ion collisions in understanding the final state observables. New emerging phenomena like…
We study the behavior of the charged particle and energy components of the "underlying event" in hard scattering proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96TeV. The goal is to produce data on the "underlying event" that is corrected to the…
We consider the entropy production of a strongly coupled bipartite system. The total entropy production can be partitioned into various components, which we use to define local versions of the Second Law that are valid without the usual…