Related papers: How to observe fluctuating temperature?
The event-by-event analysis of heavy ions collisions is becoming possible with advent of large acceptance detectors: it can provide dynamical information which cannot be obtained from inclusive spectra. We identify some observables which…
We propose to characterize heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies by using fluctuations of energy density and temperature. Temperature fluctuations on an event-by-event basis have been studied both in terms of global…
Heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies probe matter at extreme conditions of temperatures and energy densities. The study of event-by-event fluctuations of experimental observables is crucial to probe the QCD phase transition, locate…
We propose a method to measure the hadronic matter compressibility by means of the event-by-event analysis of heavy-ion collisions at high energies. The method, which utilizes the thermodynamical relation between the compressibility and the…
Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) observed between identical bosons produced in high energy multiparticle collisions are regarded as very important tool in investigations of multiparticle production processes. We present here their…
We argue that specific fluctuations observed in high-energy nuclear collisions can be attributed to intrinsic fluctuations of temperature of the hadronizing system formed in such processes and therefore can be described by the same…
In this talk the status and open questions of the phenomenological description of all the stages of a heavy ion reaction are highlighted. Special emphasis is put on event-by-event fluctuations and associated observables. The first part is…
A simple way to visualize event-by-event average $p_T$ fluctuations is by assuming that each collision has a different temperature parameter (inverse $p_T$ slope) and that the ensemble of events has a temperature distribution about the…
Several theoretical results concerning event-by-event fluctuations are discussed: (1) a role of the global conservation laws and concept of statistical ensembles; (2) strongly intensive measures are introduced; they give a possibility to…
We discuss an event-by-event fluctuation analysis of particle production in heavy ion collisions. We compare different approaches to the evaluation of the event-by-event dynamical fluctuations in quantities defined on groups of particles,…
The event-by-event p_T-fluctuations due to the temperature variation are considered. The so-called Phi-measure is computed and shown to be a linear function of the temperature variance. The fluctuations of temperature naturally explain the…
Fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities are fundamental to the study of QGP phase transition. Event-by-event fluctuations of many quantities have been studied by dedicated heavy-ion experiments. A brief review of recent experimental…
This work presents an analysis of event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations as a sensitive tool for diagnosing the state of matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using a modified version of the HIJING Monte Carlo generator,…
The temporal fluctuations of produced hadron density in heavy ion collisions, modelled by 2D Ising model at temperatures $T_c$ and below, are studied through a recently developed wavelet based fluctuation analysis method. At $T_c$,…
Fluctuations are a key property of both classical and quantum systems. While the fluctuations are well understood for many quantum systems at zero temperature, the case of an interacting quantum system at finite temperature still poses…
We explain how event-by-event fluctuations of particle ratios can constrain and falsify the statistical model of particle production in heavy ion collisions, using $K/\pi$ fluctuations as an example. We define an observable capable of…
Study of event by event fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities offer us more insight about the hot and dense matter created in the relativistic heavy ion collisions. In this review the recent results on these studies carried out by the…
A procedure for the evaluation of correlators of any order in a reasonable computer time is presented. Connection between correlators and fluctuations of the event mean values of observables is discussed. Extension of the procedure to…
Thermodynamic parameters such as temperature and pressure can be defined from the statistical behavior of a system. Therefore, thermal fluctuation is an inseparable characteristic of these parameters which eventually finds its way into…
The occurrence of phase fluctuations due to thermal excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is studied for a variety of temperatures and trap geometries. We observe the statistical nature of the appearence of phase fluctuations and…