Related papers: Structure Functions for the Virtual and Real Photo…
Recent progress in the understanding of the nucleon is presented. The unpolarised structure functions are obtained with unprecedented precision from the combined H1 and ZEUS data and are used to extract proton parton distribution functions…
We review results on hadron structure using lattice QCD simulations with pion masses close or at to the physical value. We pay particular attention to recent successes on the computation of the mass of the low-lying baryons and on the…
Recent results from the H1 and ZEUS collaborations on hard QCD processes in ep interactions are reviewed. The topics cover jet shapes, the structure of real and virtual photons, and the production of J/Psi mesons and open charm.
The QCD phenomenology of prompt photon production from e-p to p-p/p-pbar and A-A collisions is reviewed. The use of prompt photons as a probe of (i) parton distribution functions (in a proton or in nuclei) as well as (ii) fragmentation…
We discuss theoretical aspects of parton distribution functions for very high energy scattering in relation with upcoming measurements in DIS and hadron-hadron collisions.
The two opposite concepts - multiphoton and effective photon - readily describing the photoelectric effect under strong irradiation in the case that the energy of the incident light is essentially smaller than the ionisation potential of…
The validity of the equivalent-photon approximation for two-photon processes in electron--positron collisions is critically examined. Commonly used forms to describe hadronic two-photon production are shown to lead to sizeable errors. An…
Structured photons are nowadays an interesting resource in classical and quantum optics due to the richness of properties they show under propagation, focusing and in their interaction with matter. Vectorial modes of light in particular, a…
The ground-state of an artificial atom ultrastrongly coupled to quantized modes is entangled and contains an arbitrary number of virtual photons. The problem of their detection has been raised since the very birth of the field but despite…
An extensively pursued current direction of research in physics aims at the development of practical technologies that exploit the effects of quantum mechanics. As part of this ongoing effort, devices for information processing, secure…
The analysis on nucleon structure functions at small Bjorken $x$ in the framework of holographic QCD is presented. In the model setup, the complicated nonperturbative interaction between the virtual photon and the target nucleon is…
A review of recent lattice QCD hadron structure calculations is presented. Important hadronic properties such as the axial charge and spin content of the nucleon, as well as, the mass and axial charge of hyperons and charmed baryons are…
Parton distribution functions (DFs) have long been recognised as key measures of hadron structure. Today, theoretical prediction of such DFs is becoming possible using diverse methods for continuum and lattice analyses of strong interaction…
This article reviews our present understanding of QCD spin physics: the proton spin puzzle and new developments aimed at understanding the transverse structure of the nucleon. We discuss present experimental investigations of the nucleon's…
The first measurement of F_2,c^gamma is presented. At low x the measurement indicates a non-zero hadron-like component to F_2,c^gamma. At large x the measurement constitutes a test of perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order, with only m_c…
We discuss fixed target and ISR inclusive photon production and attempt a comparison between theory and experiments. The dependence of the theoretical predictions on the structure functions, and on the renormalization and factorization…
I give a brief overview of experimental studies of the spectrum and the structure of the excited states of the nucleon and what we learn about their internal structure. The focus is on the effort to obtain a more complete picture of the…
The unique nature of the photon can be investigated in hitherto unexplored kinematic regions at LEP2. We discuss the theoretical significance of deep inelastic measurements and present a prescription that allows a theoretically and…
Photon-mediated interactions between atoms are of fundamental importance in quantum optics, quantum simulations and quantum information processing. The exchange of real and virtual photons between atoms gives rise to non-trivial…
Determining the inner structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents has been one of the main tasks of high energy nuclear and particle physics experiments. This quest started as a mapping of the (average) parton…