Related papers: On the two kinds of vector particles
We obtain a generalization of the relativistic diffusion of Schay and Dudley for particles with spin. The diffusion equation is a classical version of an equation for the Wigner function of an elementary particle. The elementary particle is…
Universal vector wave equations allowing for a unified description of anyons, and also of usual bosons and fermions in the plane are proposed. The existence of two essentially different types of anyons, based on unitary and also on…
We develop a technique to directly study spinons (emergent spin S = 1/2 particles) in quantum spin models in any number of dimensions. The size of a spinon wave packet and of a bound pair (a triplon) are defined in terms of wave-function…
It is argued that the three families of quarks and leptons are the building blocks of all matter and all forces (leaving out gravity) among them are mediated by photons ($\gamma$), the weak bosons ($W^\pm$ and $Z$) and the gluons.
Wigner's little groups are subgroups of the Lorentz group dictating the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles. These little groups are like O(3) and E(2) for massive and massless particles respectively. While the…
In these proceedings we illustrate that light, very weakly interacting particles can arise naturally from physics which is fundamentally connected to very high energy scales. Searching for them therefore may give us interesting new insights…
We unearth spacetime structure of massive vector bosons, gravitinos, and gravitons. While the curvatures associated with these particles carry a definite spin, the underlying potentials cannot be, and should not be, interpreted as single…
In two spatial dimensions, spin characterizes how particle states re-phase under changes of frame that leave their momentum and energy invariant. Massless particles can in principle have non-trivial spin in this sense, but all existing…
In this work consideration is given to massless and massive gauge-invariant spin 0 and spin 1 fields (particles) within the scope of a theory of the generalized relativistic wave equations with an extended set of the Lorentz group…
We identify momentum/helicity probability amplitudes for the photon and find their relativistic transformation properties. We also find their behaviour under space inversion and time reversal. The discussion begins with a review of the…
A masses of a leptons deduced from a representation of a probability density vector by a spinors. A massive W and Z bosons and a massless A boson are obtained from a transformations for which a density vector is invariant.
The main goal of the paper is to study the origins of a contradiction between the Weinberg theorem B-A=\lambda and the `longitudinality' of an antisymmetric tensor field (and of a Weinberg field which is equivalent to it), transformed on…
We may call "alien particles" those particles belonging to the matter/field content of a $d$-dimensional brane other than the $3$-brane (or stack of branes) sweeping the space-time in which we live. They can appear in our space-time at the…
Standard model gauge bosons propagating in two universal extra dimensions give rise to heavy spin-1 and spin-0 particles. The lightest of these, carrying Kaluza-Klein numbers (1,0), may be produced only in pairs at colliders, whereas the…
Three variational vector equations are derived for the extended particle-field object located on the light cone. Point sources are excluded from the pure field equations and all physical magnitudes are free from divergences. Accepting 3D…
We have determined theoretically the rest mass of the muon neutrino at 50 milli-eV and the rest mass of the electron neutrino at 5 meV, as well as, to 1% accuracy, the ratio of the masses of the stable elementary particles which decay by…
There are a number of papers dedicated to the description of free particles and antiparticles with zero mass and spin 1/2. A great many equations with different C, P, T properties have been proposed and the impression could be formed that…
In the last few years we have seen an increase interest on gravitational waves due to recent and striking experimental results confirming Einstein's general relativity once more. From the field theory point of view, gravity describes the…
This article shows that one can consistently incorporate nonunitary representations of at least one group into the ``ordinary'' nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. This group turns out to be Lorentz group thus giving us an alternative…
An attempt to evade the strict uniqueness of consistent interactions involving spin-2 particles is made by modifying the Noether procedure from the outset. A vector field is introduced, coupled to a graviton already at the level of…