Related papers: Some universal properties of the string breaking
U(1) gauge theory with the Villain action on a cubic lattice approximation of three- and four-dimensional torus is considered. The naturally chosen correlation functions converge to the correlation functions of the R-gauge electrodynamics…
In this paper we conduct a general, model-independent analysis of the running of gauge couplings within closed string theories. Unlike previous discussions in the literature, our calculations fully respect the underlying modular invariance…
The concept of (global) gauge symmetry breaking plays an important role in many areas of physics. Since the corresponding symmetry is a gauge symmetry, its breaking is actually gauge-dependent. Thus, it is possible to design gauges which…
In this study, potential scatterings are formulated in experimental setups with Gaussian wave packets in accordance with a probability principle and associativity of products. A breaking of an associativity is observed in scalar products…
Confinement and string breaking are two fundamental phenomena in gauge theories. Signatures of both are currently pursued in quantum-simulator experiments, opening a new angle on strongly interacting dynamics of gauge fields out of…
This article gives a rigorous formulation and proof of the $1/N$ expansion for Wilson loop expectations in strongly coupled $SU(N)$ lattice gauge theory in any dimension. The coefficients of the expansion are represented as absolutely…
I briefly summarize a recent research program aiming to probe the landscape of low-energy phases of string theory from a global perspective. Borrowing conceptual lessons from the swampland program, I will discuss how the effective theories…
I give an overview of open, closed and heterotic N=2 strings. At the tree level I derive the effective field theories of all the strings, and discuss the group theory of the N=2 open string and the interaction between its open and closed…
The average of two Wilson loops is expressed in terms of gauge invariant field strength correlators. Assuming the existence of finite correlation length $T_g$ and taking into account the absence of a fixed direction in colour space, we…
The weakly-coupled heterotic string is known to have problems of dilaton/moduli stabilization, supersymmetry breaking (by hidden-sector gaugino condensation), gauge coupling unification (or the Newton's constant), QCD axion, as well as…
Reduction in effective spacetime dimensionality can occur in field-theory models more general than the widely studied dimensional reductions based on technically consistent truncations. Situations where wavefunction factors depend…
We study in a systematic and modular invariant way gaugino condensation in the hidden sector as a potential source of hierarchical supersymmetry breaking and a non--trivial potential for the dilaton $S$ whose real part corresponds to the…
In a gauge theory with SU(5) broken to SU(2)$\times$U(1), the Higgs mass squared receives only logarithmic divergence from all scalar-gauge interactions at one loop. The same pattern of gauge symmetry breaking can be achieved without any…
The static potential $V(r)$ between a static quark and a static antiquark separated by a distance r is defined as the energy of the ground state of the system. As a consequence of confinement, the energy between the quark-antiquark pair is…
Massive quantum matter of prescribed spin permits infinitely many possibilities of covariantization in terms of spinorial (undotted/dotted) pointlike fields, whereas massless finite helicity representations lead to large gap in this…
The fission of a string connecting two charges is an astounding phenomenon in confining gauge theories. The dynamics of this process have been studied intensively in recent years, with plenty of numerical results yielding a dichotomy: the…
We discuss the physical picture of thick vortices as the mechanism responsible for confinement at arbitrarily weak coupling in SU(2) gauge theory. By introducing appropriate variables on the lattice we distinguish between thin, thick and…
Far-from-equilibrium dynamics of SU(2) gauge theory with Wilson fermions is studied in 1+1 space-time dimensions using a real-time lattice approach. Lattice improved Hamiltonians are shown to be very efficient in simulating Schwinger pair…
Considerable progress has been achieved recently in the observation of string breaking within non-Abelian Higgs models, by use of multi-channel methods allowing for broken string states. Similarly, in pure gauge theory this approach has…
In the standard model with electroweak symmetry breaking through the Higgs mechanism, electroweak gauge-boson scattering amplitudes are large if the Higgs boson is heavy, and electroweak gauge interactions become strong. In theories with…