Related papers: Structure functions and parton distribution functi…
We describe new QCD fits to diffractive proton structure functions measured at HERA, and we use these parton densities to predict the shape of the dijet mass fraction at the Tevatron and look for the existence of exclusive events in the…
At HERA, the electron-proton collider at DESY, Hamburg, the large flux of almost on-shell photons accompanying the lepton beam is being used to shed new light on the structure of the photon. Recent results are reviewed and discussed, with…
Interactions of virtual photons are analyzed in terms of photon structure. It is argued that the concept of parton distribution functions is phenomenologically very useful even for highly virtual photons involved in hard collisions. The…
A measurement of the inclusive cross section for the deep-inelastic scattering of positrons off protons at HERA is presented at momentum transfers $8.5 \leq Q^2 \leq 35 GeV^2$ and large inelasticity $y = 0.7$, i.e. for the Bjorken-x range…
Recent results from the ep (electron-proton) collider HERA are presented. Jet production and diffraction type reactions allow tests of predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Jet measurements are used to improve the combined H1-ZEUS…
We present a determination of the parton distribution functions of the proton in which NLO and NNLO fixed-order calculations are supplemented by NLLx small-x resummation. Deep inelastic structure functions are computed consistently at…
A review is given of the measurements of the hard diffractive interactions in recent years from two high-energy colliders, the HERA $ep$ collider and the Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ collider. The structure of the diffractive exchange in terms of…
It is shown that a significant measurement of the longitudinal structure function $F_L(x,Q^2)$ can be performed at HERA, for $Q^2 = 2 GeV^2$ and $Q^2 = 5 GeV^2$ and for x around $10^{-4}$, using radiative events with hard photon emission…
Recent HERA data on structure functions and reduced cross-sections are presented and their significance for our understanding of the low-x region is discussed.
After fifteen years of running and a further five years of analysis, the final inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross sections from H1 and ZEUS have been published. Measurements of neutral current and charged current processes in ep…
Recent measurements of unpolarised and polarised nucleon structure functions and F_2(gamma) are reviewed. The implications for QCD and the gluon momentum distribution are discussed. The status of the understanding of the total…
The photon parton distribution function (PDF) of the proton is crucial for precise comparisons of LHC cross sections with theoretical predictions. However, it was previously affected by very large uncertainties of around ${\cal O}(100\%)$…
We report on the extension of the data fitting considering the QCD inspired model based on the summation of gluon ladders applied to the $ep$ scattering. In lines of a two Pomeron approach, the structure function $F_2$ has a hard piece…
Fracture functions are parton distributions of an initial hadron in the presence of an almost collinear particle observed in the final state. They are important ingredients in QCD factorization for processes where a particle is produced…
We give a brief overview of nuclear parton distributions. First, the EMC effect is discussed together with possible interpretations such as nuclear binding and $Q^2$ rescaling. Next, we explain shadowing descriptions:…
The QCD analysis of deep inelastic diffractive scattering is performed assuming the dominance of the "soft" pomeron exchange and simple, physically motivated parametrization of parton distributions in a pomeron. Results of the analysis are…
The H1 and ZEUS experiments are measuring diffractive interactions in ep collisions at HERA. Performing QCD fits of these data with NLO DGLAP, diffractive parton distribution functions can be calculated. These diffractive PDFs can be used…
We review recent progress in the determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, with emphasis on the applications for precision phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First of all, we introduce the…
The electron and photon structure functions are compared. Advantages of the electron structure function are demonstrated. At very high momenta probabilistic (partonic) interpretation can be preserved despite strong $\gamma$-$Z$…
We employ a parameterisation of the proton dipole cross section previously extracted from electroproduction and photoproduction data to predict the diffractive structure function F2D(3)(Q^2, beta, xpom). Comparison with HERA H1 data yields…