Related papers: Proton and Photon Structure
Measurements of the diffractive structure function, $F_2^D$, of the proton at HERA are used to extract the partonic structure of the Pomeron. Regge Factorization is tested and is found to describe well the existing data within the selected…
The advent of radioactive ion beam facilities and new detector technologies have opened up new possibilities to investigate the radioactive decays of highly unstable nuclei, in particular the proton emission, $\alpha$ decay and heavy…
Large pT processes at HERA, initiated by almost real and by virtual photons, provide information on the structure of the photon. We report on the latest measurements of dijets and large pT particle production with the H1 detector. This…
The dipole cutoff behavior for the proton form factor has been and still is one of the major issues in high-energy physics. It is shown that this dipole behavior comes from the coherence between the Lorentz contraction of the proton size…
Precise measurements of the lepton properties provide stringent tests of the Standard Model structure and accurate determinations of its parameters. We overview the present status of a few selected topics: lepton universality, QCD tests and…
We present preliminary results on the proton spin structure function in full QCD. The measurement has been done using 4 flavours of staggered fermions and an improved definition of the lattice topological charge density.
We argue that existing measurements of ep collisions at HERA --in which an energetic photon is made via a QED `Compton' subprocess-- can provide rather detailed information on the photonic parton density of the proton. This function and its…
We briefly summarize the important and critical roles that PHENIX Experiment has played in determining the proton's internal structure in terms of quarks and gluons, and their dynamics. Some pioneering measurements by PHENIX Experiment on…
The proton is one of the main building blocks of all visible matter in the universe. Among its intrinsic properties are its electric charge, mass, and spin. These emerge from the complex dynamics of its fundamental constituents, quarks and…
High quality polarized electron beams at Jefferson Lab make possible precision measurements of hadronic properties in the regime of strongly interacting QCD. We will describe a few programs at Jefferson Lab that are making measurements that…
We describe some of the future measurements to be performed by the CMS, TOTEM and ATLAS collaborations on hard diffraction in order to understand better the structure of the Pomeron. We also describe the prospects concerning the search for…
We review the present understanding of the spin structure of protons and neutrons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclei collectively known as nucleons. The field of nucleon spin provides a critical window for testing Quantum…
Double parton scattering events are directly sensitive to the correlations between two partons inside a proton and can answer fundamental questions on the connections between the proton constituents. In this chapter, the different types of…
The fact that the spins of the quarks in the proton, as measured in deep inelastic lepton scattering, only add up to about 30$\%$ of the spin of the proton is still not understood after 30 years. We show that our newly developed model for…
It is shown that the hadronic dissociation of space-like $(Q^2>0)$ photons can be directly probed by performing measurements in the fragmentation region of transversely polarized and unpolarized proton beams at the electron-proton collider…
The electron and photon structure functions are compared. Advantages of the electron structure function are demonstrated. At very high momenta probabilistic (partonic) interpretation can be preserved despite strong $\gamma$-$Z$…
In the past year, polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments at CERN and SLAC have obtained structure function measurements off proton, neutron and deuteron targets at a level of precision never before achieved. The measurements can be…
The structure of the proton remains a significant challenge within the field of Quantum Chromodynamics, with the origin of its spin and mass still lacking a satisfactory explanation. In this study, we utilize the gravitational form factor…
The electromagnetic form factors of hadrons at large momentum transfer have been the subject of intense theoretical and experimental scrutiny over the past two decades, yet there is still not a universally-accepted framework for their…
We discuss in detail the photon structure function beyond the leading logarithm approximation. Of special concern is the factorization scheme and the hadronic input; we show how to naturally absorb large terms due to the MSbar factorization…