Related papers: Photon Structure and Quantum Fluctuation
Parton distribution functions (DFs) have long been recognised as key measures of hadron structure. Today, theoretical prediction of such DFs is becoming possible using diverse methods for continuum and lattice analyses of strong interaction…
Two-photon decays probe the structure of mesons and represent an important contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering. For the neutral pion, the decay amplitude tests the effects of the chiral anomaly; for a heavy quarkonium state,…
This is a review of recent developments in hadron structure within the framework of Lattice QCD. The main focus is on recent achievements in the evaluation of nucleon quantities, such as the axial charge, electromagnetic form factors, the…
Quantum chromodynamics is the quantum gauge field theory that describes the strong interactions. This article reviews the basic structure, successes and challenges of quantum chromodynamics as it manifests itself at short and long…
That chiral symmetry is a crucial feature of the strong force was realized before the discovery of Quantum Chromodynamics. However, the full power it exerts on the structure of the nucleon became apparent only afterwards. We present a…
Within the finite-time-path out-of-equilibrium quantum field theory (QFT), we calculate direct photon emission from early stages of heavy ion collisions, from a narrow window, in which uncertainty relations are still important and they…
A theory of photoluminescence in semiconductor quantum dots is developed which relies on two key ingredients. First, it takes into account non-adiabaticity of the exciton-phonon system. Second, it includes the multimode dielectric model of…
Quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field result in two signatures on a harmonically trapped charged particle: a shift from the natural trap frequency and generation of quantum coherences. We assess the role of the…
We review the present level of knowledge of the hadronic structure of the photon, as revealed in interactions involving quarks and gluons ``in" the photon. The concept of photon structure functions is introduced in the description of…
These lectures give an introduction to the structure of the nucleon as seen with the electromagnetic probe. Particular emphasis is put on the form factors, the strangeness content, Compton scattering and polarizabilities, pion photo- and…
We present new improved parton distributions for the photon. We fit {\bf all} available data on the photon structure function, $F^{\gamma}_{2}(x,Q^2)$, with $Q^2\ge 3$ GeV$^2$, in order to determine the quark distributions. We also pay…
The composite Fermion (CF) picture offers a simple intuitive way of understanding many of the surprising properties of a strongly interacting two-dimensional electron fluid in a large magnetic field. The simple way in which the mean field…
In many ways the pomeron is like the photon, but there are important differences. Factorisation allows us to define a pomeron structure function, even though the pomeron is not a particle. Although we have a model for the light-quark…
Systematic approaches to building up gauge invariant descriptions of charged fields, such as electrons or quarks, are described. Physically relevant descriptions must then be singled out from a multiplicity of possibilities and to this end…
Hadron structure calculations using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) have advanced significantly in recent years. Results for charges, form factors, and lower Mellin moments can be obtained to high precision, generalized parton…
The structure of a dressed quark is utilized to evaluate the structure function of proton and pion. It is found that there is a simple relationship between $F_{2}^{p}$ and $F_{2}^{\pi}$. The ambiguity in the normalization of $F_{2}^{\pi}$…
Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…
Planar Quantum Electrodynamics is developed when charged fermions are under the influence of a constant and homogeneous external magnetic field. We compute the cross-length for the scattering of optical/ultraviolet photons by Dirac-Landau…
Recent progress in lattice QCD calculations of nucleon structure will be presented. Calculations of nucleon matrix elements and form factors have long been difficult to reconcile with experiment, but with advances in both methodology and…
Optical properties of large arrays of isolated quantum dots are discussed in order to interpret the existent photoluminescence data. The presented theory explains the large observed shift between the lowest emission and absorption energies…