Related papers: Photon Structure and Quantum Fluctuation
The LEP experiments are making real progress in understanding the structure of the photon, though the results do not yet give such clear demonstrations of QCD in action as the proton structure has done. Other new results are reported,…
Using a quantum field theoretic description of the photon it is shown that, as intuitively expected but not before theoretically proven, the vector potential of a photon has a likely amplitude associated with a discrete frequency and…
In deep inelastic electron-photon scattering in leading order QED, egamma->egamma*gamma->effbar, there are four non-zero structure functions. We calculate them for real photons retaining the full dependence on the fermion mass, and show…
Developments in lattice field theory and computer technology have led to dramatic advances in the use of lattice QCD to explore the quark structure of hadrons. This talk will describe selected examples, including structure functions,…
We study the electromagnetic structure of the pion in terms of the quantum cromodynamic~(QCD) model on the Breit-frame. We calculated the observables, such as the electromagnetic form factor. The priori to have a calculation covariant need…
The measurements of hadronic structure functions of the photon based on the reaction ee --> ee gamma^(*)(P^2) gamma^*(Q^2)--> ee hadrons are discussed.
The physical constructs underlying the properties of quantum mechanics are explored. Arguments are given that the particle wave function as well as photon and phonon quanta must derive from a more fundamental physical construct that has not…
In this paper we discuss in detail the interface between Classical Electrodynamics and Quantum Theory, which shows up as well known unphysical phenomena at the Compton scale in both the theories and argue that the photon of the…
This review deals with the structure of hadrons, strongly interacting many-body systems consisting of quarks and gluons. These systems have a size of about 1 fm, which shows up in scattering experiments at low momentum transfers $Q$ in the…
Photon structure function has been a solid platform in testing strong interaction along with nucleon structure function. Strong Interaction has the property that it is perturbatively calculable at high energy but becomes non-perturbative at…
The vast bulk of visible mass emerges from nonperturbative dynamics within quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. The past decade has revealed the three pillars that support this emergent hadron…
We review the present understanding of the spin structure of protons and neutrons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclei collectively known as nucleons. The field of nucleon spin provides a critical window for testing Quantum…
The structure of the photon is probed in photon-photon interactions at LEP and in photon-proton interactions at HERA.
The structure of the photon is studied in photon-photon collisions at LEP. New measurements have become available exploring the structure function F2g of the photon to the lowest values of x yet, where the hadronic component of the photon…
The novel possibilities of probing the photon structure and high energy limit of QCD at photon colliders are summarised. We discuss the photon structure function $F_2^{\gamma}(x,Q^2)$, the gluon distribution in the photon and the spin…
While QCD can provide corrections to the parton distribution function, it cannot produce the distribution. Where is then the starting point for the proton structure function? The only known source is the quark-model wave function for the…
We present a systematic analysis of the processes $e^+ ~e^- \rightarrow e^+ ~e^- X$ to study the polarised and unpolarised photon structure functions. The effect of target photon mass, which manifests itself as new singly polarised…
A model for the fundamental structure of nature is presented. It is based on two fundamental fermions moving with the velocity of light and differing from each other by the projection of the spin on the momentum vector. The energy of both…
Determining the inner structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents has been one of the main tasks of high energy nuclear and particle physics experiments. This quest started as a mapping of the (average) parton…
The mathematical content of the interaction term of quantum electrodynamics is examined under the following assumption: It is presumed that the apparent degrees-of-freedom of the photon field reflect the kinematical degrees-of-freedom of…