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Related papers: The Case for a 500 GeV e+e- Linear Collider

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If the gamma-gamma resonance at 750 GeV suggested by 2015 LHC data turns out to be a real effect, what are the implications for the physics case and upgrade path of the International Linear Collider? Whether or not the resonance is…

I review the physics capabilities of the machines proposed for the next generation of high-energy experimentation: in hadron physics, the LHC, and in electron physics, a $500$--$1500$ GeV $e^+e^-$ linear collider. Using for illustration two…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael E. Peskin

Construction of the ERLC (twin LC) collider tangential to LHC or FCC will give opportunity to realize eA collisions at multi-TeV center-of-mass energies. Luminosity estimations show that values comparable with that of ERL60 based eA…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 A. N. Akay , B. Dagli , B. Ketenoglu , S. Sultansoy

In this paper we present alternative approach for Future Circular electron-positron Collider. Current 100 km circumference design with the top CM energy of 365 GeV (182.5 GeV beam energy) is based on two storage rings to circulate colliding…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Vladimir N Litvinenko , Thomas Roser , Maria Chamizo Llatas

This report summarizes the progress in the study of Higgs physics at a future linear electron positron collider at center-of-mass energies up to about 1000 GeV and high luminosity. After the publication of the TESLA Technical Design Report,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 K. Desch

Since the TESLA Technical Design Report (TDR) was published in 2001, the physics programme of an electron-positron linear collider (LC) has been further developed and a wide consensus has been reached on the physics case and the need for a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 Andre Sopczak

An electron-proton/ion polarized beam collider (EPIC) with high luminosity and center-of-mass energy $\sqrt s = 25$ GeV would be a valuable facility for fundamental studies of proton and nuclear structure and tests of quantum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. J. Brodsky

Muons offer a unique opportunity to build a compact high-energy electroweak collider at the 10 TeV scale. A Muon Collider enables direct access to the underlying simplicity of the Standard Model and unparalleled reach beyond it. It will be…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Carlotta Accettura , Simon Adrian , Rohit Agarwal , Claudia Ahdida , Chiara Aime' , Avni Aksoy , Gian Luigi Alberghi , Siobhan Alden , Luca Alfonso , Muhammad Ali , Anna Rita Altamura , Nicola Amapane , Kathleen Amm , David Amorim , Paolo Andreetto , Fabio Anulli , Ludovica Aperio Bella , Rob Appleby , Artur Apresyan , Pouya Asadi , Mohammed Attia Mahmoud , Bernhard Auchmann , John Back , Anthony Badea , Kyu Jung Bae , E. J. Bahng , Lorenzo Balconi , Fabrice Balli , Laura Bandiera , Laura Bandiera , Carmelo Barbagallo , Daniele Barducci , Roger Barlow , Camilla Bartoli , Nazar Bartosik , Emanuela Barzi , Fabian Batsch , Matteo Bauce , Michael Begel , J. Scott Berg , Andrea Bersani , Alessandro Bertarelli , Francesco Bertinelli , Alessandro Bertolin , Pushpalatha Bhat , Clarissa Bianchi , Michele Bianco , William Bishop , Kevin Black , Fulvio Boattini , Alex Bogacz , Maurizio Bonesini , Bernardo Bordini , Patricia Borges de Sousa , Salvatore Bottaro , Luca Bottura , Steven Boyd , Johannes Braathen , Marco Breschi , Francesco Broggi , Matteo Brunoldi , Xavier Buffat , Laura Buonincontri , Marco Buonsante , Philip Nicholas Burrows , Graeme Campbell Burt , Dario Buttazzo , Barbara Caiffi , Sergio Calatroni , Marco Calviani , Simone Calzaferri , Daniele Calzolari , Vieri Candelise , Claudio Cantone , Rodolfo Capdevilla , Christian Carli , Carlo Carrelli , Fausto Casaburo , Massimo Casarsa , Luca Castelli , Maria Gabriella Catanesi , Lorenzo Cavallucci , Gianluca Cavoto , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Luigi Celona , Alessia Cemmi , Sergio Ceravolo , Alessandro Cerri , Francesco Cerutti , Gianmario Cesarini , Cari Cesarotti , Antoine Chancé , Nikolaos Charitonidis , mauro chiesa , Paolo Chiggiato , Vittoria Ludovica Ciccarella , Pietro Cioli Puviani , Anna Colaleo , Francesco Colao , Francesco Collamati , Marco Costa , Nathaniel Craig , David Curtin , Laura D'Angelo , Giacomo Da Molin , Heiko Damerau , Sridhara Dasu , Jorge de Blas , Stefania De Curtis , Herbert De Gersem , Andre de Gouvea , Tommaso Del Moro , Jean-Pierre Delahaye , Dmitri Denisov , Haluk Denizli , Radovan Dermisek , Radovan Dermisek , Paula Desiré Valdor , Charlotte Desponds , Luca Di Luzio , Elisa Di Meco , Karri Folan Di Petrillo , Ilaria Di Sarcina , Eleonora Diociaiuti , Tommaso Dorigo , Karlis Dreimanis , Tristan du Pree , Hatice Duran Yildiz , Juhi Dutta , Thomas Edgecock , Mamad Eshraqi , Siara Fabbri , Marco Fabbrichesi , Stefania Farinon , Davide Fazioli , Guillaume Ferrand , Samuel Ferraro , Jose Antonio Ferreira Somoza , Marco Ferrero , Max Fieg , Frank Filthaut , Patrick Fox , Roberto Franceschini , Rui Franqueira Ximenes , Frank Gaede , Simone Galletto , Michele Gallinaro , Maurice Garcia-Sciveres , Luis Garcia-Tabares , Rocky Bala Garg , Ruben Gargiulo , Cedric Garion , Maria Vittoria Garzelli , Marco Gast , Lisa Generoso , Cecilia E. Gerber , Luca Giambastiani , Alessio Gianelle , Eliana Gianfelice-Wendt , Stephen Gibson , Simone Gilardoni , Dario Augusto Giove , Valentina Giovinco , Carlo Giraldin , Alfredo Glioti , Arkadiusz Gorzawski , Mario Greco , Christophe Grojean , Alexej Grudiev , Edda Gschwendtner , Emanuele Gueli , Nicolas Guilhaudin , Tao Han , Chengcheng Han , John Michael Hauptman , Matthew Herndon , Adrian D Hillier , Micah Hillman , Gabriela Hoff , Tova Ray Holmes , Samuel Homiller , Walter Hopkins , Lennart Huth , Sudip Jana , Laura Jeanty , Sergo Jindariani , Sofia Johannesson , Benjamin Johnson , Owain Rhodri Jones , Paul-Bogdan Jurj , Yonatan Kahn , Rohan Kamath , Anna Kario , Ivan Karpov , David Kelliher , Wolfgang Kilian , Ryuichiro Kitano , Felix Kling , Antti Kolehmainen , K. C. Kong , Jaap Kosse , Jakub Kremer , Georgios Krintiras , Karol Krizka , Nilanjana Kumar , Erik Kvikne , Robert Kyle , Stephan Lachnit , Emanuele Laface , Kenneth Lane , Andrea Latina , Anton Lechner , Lawrence Lee , Junghyun Lee , Seh Wook Lee , Thibaut Lefevre , Emanuele Leonardi , Giuseppe Lerner , Gabriele Levati , Filippo Levi , Peiran Li , Qiang Li , Tong Li , Wei Li , Roberto Li Voti , Giulia Liberalato , Mats Lindroos , Ronald Lipton , Da Liu , Zhen Liu , Miaoyuan Liu , Alessandra Lombardi , Shivani Lomte , Kenneth Long , Luigi Longo , José Lorenzo , Roberto Losito , Ian Low , Xianguo Lu , Donatella Lucchesi , Tianhuan Luo , Anna Lupato , Yang Ma , Yang Ma , Shinji Machida , Edward MacTavish , Thomas Madlener , Lorenzo Magaletti , Marcello Maggi , Tommaso Maiello , Helene Mainaud Durand , Abhishikth Mallampalli , Fabio Maltoni , Jerzy Mikolaj Manczak , Marco Mandurrino , Claude Marchand , Francesco Mariani , Stefano Marin , Samuele Mariotto , Simon Marsh , Stewart Martin-Haugh , David Marzocca , Maria Rosaria Masullo , Giorgio Sebastiano Mauro , Anna Mazzacane , Andrea Mazzolari , Patrick Meade , Barbara Mele , Federico Meloni , Xiangwei Meng , Matthias Mentink , Rebecca Miceli , Natalia Milas , Abdollah Mohammadi , Dominik Moll , Francesco Montagno Bozzone , Alessandro Montella , Manuel Morales-Alvarado , Mauro Morandin , Marco Morrone , Tim Mulder , Riccardo Musenich , Toni Mäkelä , Elias Métral , Krzysztof Mękała , Emilio Nanni , Marco Nardecchia , Federico Nardi , Felice Nenna , David Neuffer , David Newbold , Daniel Novelli , Maja Olvegård , Yasar Onel , Domizia Orestano , Inaki Ortega Ruiz , John Osborne , Simon Otten , Yohan Mauricio Oviedo Torres , Daniele Paesani , Simone Pagan Griso , Davide Pagani , Kincso Pal , Mark Palmer , Leonardo Palombini , Alessandra Pampaloni , Paolo Panci , Priscilla Pani , Yannis Papaphilippou , Rocco Paparella , Paride Paradisi , Antonio Passeri , Jaroslaw Pasternak , Nadia Pastrone , Kevin Pedro , Antonello Pellecchia , Fulvio Piccinini , Henryk Piekarz , Tatiana Pieloni , Juliette Plouin , Alfredo Portone , Karolos Potamianos , Joséphine Potdevin , Soren Prestemon , Teresa Puig , Ji Qiang , Lionel Quettier , Tanjona Radonirina Rabemananjara , Emilio Radicioni , Raffaella Radogna , Ilaria Carmela Rago , Angira Rastogi , Andris Ratkus , Elodie Resseguie , Juergen Reuter , Pier Luigi Ribani , Cristina Riccardi , Stefania Ricciardi , Tania Robens , Youri Robert , Chris Rogers , Juan Rojo , Marco Romagnoni , Kevin Ronald , Benjamin Rosser , Carlo Rossi , Lucio Rossi , Leo Rozanov , Maximilian Ruhdorfer , Richard Ruiz , Farinaldo S. Queiroz , Saurabh Saini , Filippo Sala , Claudia Salierno , Tiina Salmi , Paola Salvini , Ennio Salvioni , Nicholas Sammut , Carlo Santini , Alessandro Saputi , Ivano Sarra , Giuseppe Scarantino , Hans Schneider-Muntau , Daniel Schulte , Jessica Scifo , Sally Seidel , Claudia Seitz , Tanaji Sen , Carmine Senatore , Abdulkadir Senol , Daniele Sertore , Lorenzo Sestini , Vladimir Shiltsev , Ricardo César Silva Rêgo , Federica Maria Simone , Kyriacos Skoufaris , Elise Sledge , Valentina Sola , Gino Sorbello , Massimo Sorbi , Stefano Sorti , Lisa Soubirou , Simon Spannagel , David Spataro , Anna Stamerra , Marcel Stanitzki , Steinar Stapnes , Giordon Stark , Marco Statera , Bernd Stechauner , Shufang Su , Wei Su , Ben Suitters , Xiaohu Sun , Alexei Sytov , Yoxara Sánchez Villamizar , Jingyu Tang , JINGYU TANG , Jian Tang , Rebecca Taylor , Herman Ten Kate , Pietro Testoni , Leonard Sebastian Thiele , Rogelio Tomas Garcia , Max Topp-Mugglestone , Toms Torims , Toms Torims , Riccardo Torre , Luca Tortora , Ludovico Tortora , Luca Tricarico , Sokratis Trifinopoulos , Donato Troiano , Alexander Naip Tuna , Sosoho-Abasi Udongwo , Ilaria Vai , Riccardo Umberto Valente , Giorgio Vallone , Ursula van Rienen , Rob Van Weelderen , Marion Vanwelde , Gueorgui Velev , Rosamaria Venditti , Adam Vendrasco , Adriano Verna , Gianluca Vernassa , Arjan Verweij , Piet Verwilligen , Ludovico Vittorio , Paolo Vitulo , Isabella Vojskovic , Biao Wang , Dayong Wang , Lian-Tao Wang , Xing Wang , Xing Wang , Manfred Wendt , Robert Stephen White , Markus Widorski , Mariusz Wozniak , Juliet Wright , Yongcheng Wu , Andrea Wulzer , Keping Xie , Yifeng Yang , Yee Chinn Yap , Katsuya Yonehara , Hwi Dong Yoo , Zhengyun You , Zaib Un Nisa , Marco Zanetti , Angela Zaza , Jinlong Zhang , Liang Zhang , Ruihu Zhu , Alexander Zlobin , Davide Zuliani , José Francisco Zurita

The physics programme of high energy e+e- linear colliders relies on the accurate identification of fermions in order to study in details the profile of the Higgs boson, search for new particles and probe the multi-TeV mass region by means…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2009-10-31 Marco Battaglia

Current mass limits allow the possibility that squarks may be produced in large numbers at the next generation of linear $e^+e^-$ colliders. In this paper we investigate the prospects for precision studies of squark masses at such…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 Jonathan Feng , Donald Finnell

In this paper we outline a proposal for a Linear Collider Facility as the next flagship project for CERN. It offers the opportunity for a timely, cost-effective and staged construction of a new collider that will be able to comprehensively…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-06-23 H. Abramowicz , E. Adli , F. Alharthi , M. Almanza-Soto , M. M. Altakach , S. Ampudia Castelazo , D. Angal-Kalinin , J. A. Anguiano , R. B. Appleby , O. Apsimon , A. Arbey , O. Arquero , D. Attié , J. L. Avila-Jimenez , H. Baer , Y. Bai , C. Balazs , P. Bambade , T. Barklow , J. Baudot , P. Bechtle , T. Behnke , A. B. Bellerive , S. Belomestnykh , Y. Benhammou , J. Berenguer-Antequera , M. Berger , M. Berggren , M. Bertucci , M. Besançon , D. Bett , T. Biekötter , S. Bilanishvili , B. Bilki , B. Bilki , J. Björklund Svensson , V. M. Bjelland , C. Blanch , B. Bliewert , M. Boehler , S. Boogert , M. Boronat , V. Boudry , D. Bourilkov , I. Bozovic , J. Braathen , J. E. Brau , C. Breuning , J. -C. Brient , I. Brock , B. Brudnowski , K. Buesser , E. Bulyak , P. N. Burrows , G. Burt , O. Cakir , A. Caldwell , A. C. Canbay , F. G. Celiberto , E. Cenni , I. Chaikovska , R. Chehab , G. Chen , J. B. B. Chen , T. Chikamatsu , V. Cilento , P. Colas , M. Coman , L. Corner , F. Cornet , F. Cornet-Gomez , F. Corriveau , R. Corsini , J. Cvach , R. D'Arcy , C. Damerell , A. Das , S. Dasu , J. de Blas , E. Del Core , M. Demarteau , H. Denizli , R. Dermisek , A. Dhar , S. Dittmaier , F. Djurabekova , E. M. Donegani , A. Doyle , P. Drobniak , T. A. du Pree , B. Dudar , H. Duran Yildiz , J. Dutta , S. Easo , G. Eckerlin , U. Einhaus , C. Emma , E. Esarey , D. Esperante , D. Espriu , L. R Evans , J. Farmer , A. Faus Golfe , M. Fernandez , J. C. Fernandez-Ortega , M. Formela , A. Formenti , B. Foster , N. Fourches , M. C. Fouz , C. D. Fu , K. Fujii , J. Fujimoto , B. Fuks , J. Fuster , N. Fuster-Martínez , M. Gabelmann , F. Gaede , M. Galletti , E. Gallo , S. Ganjour , M. V. Garzelli , C. G. R. Geddes , R. L. Geng , S. Gessner , I. D. Gialamas , B. Gimeno , J. Goldstein , M. Goncerz , A. J. Gonsalves , F. J. Gonzalez , D. González-Iglesias , J. Grames , P. Grannis , L. Gray , G. Grenier , H. Guler , H. E. Haber , K. Hamaguchi , N. Hamann , O. Hartbrich , N. M. Hartman , G. Hütsi , S. Heinemeyer , C. Hensel , K. Hidaka , S. Hirose , A. H. Hoang , M. J. Hogan , W. Hollik , Y. Horii , R. Hosokawa , S. Huang , D. Hynds , M. I. Idzik , Y. Iiyama , A. Irles , A. Ishikawa , M. Ishino , I. P. Ivanov , M. Jacewicz , R. Jaramillo , D. Jeans , C. Jing , R. M Jones , W. Kaabi , M. Kagan , J. Kalinowski , D. K Kalvik , J. Kaminski , K. Kannike , A. Karam , Y. Kato , K. Kawagoe , D. Käfer , L. Kennedy , J. Kersten , S. A. Khan , V. A. Khoze , W. Kilian , J. Klamka , P. Kluit , K. Kong , P. Koppenburg , A. Korsun , A. V. Kotwal , S. Kraml , K. Krüger , M. Kucharczyk , N. Kumar , Y. Kurihara , J. Kvasnicka , I. Laktineh , A. Latina , F. LeDiberder , A. Levy , M. Liepe , C. A. Lindstrøm , B. List , J. List , M. Litos , V. N. Litvinenko , A. Lopez-Virto , X. Lu , T. Luo , M. Lupberger , B. Madison , T. Madlener , J. Maeda , F. Mahmoudi , E. Maina , N. Majernik , R. Margraf-O'Neal , T. W. Markiewicz , P. Martín-Luna , A. Martens , V. J. Martin , L. Marzola , V. I. Maslov , K. T. Matchev , S. Matsumoto , K. Mawatari , J. P. Márquez , M. M. Mühlleitner , A. McIlvenny , P. A. McIntosh , K. Mekala , D. Melini , F. Meloni , A. Menéndez , K. Mimasu , V. Miralles , W. Mitaroff , V. A. Mitsou , L. Monaco , G. Moortgat-Pick , M. Moreno-Llácer , T. Mori , J. M. Moron , S. Morton , D. Moya , M. Mulder , H. Murayama , E. Musumeci , V. V. Mytrochenko , N. Nagata , E. Nagy , T. Nakada , J. Nakajima , K. Nakamura , E. A. Nanni , E. Nardi , S. Narita , M. T. Núñez Pardo de Vera , M. Nojiri , D. Ntounis , A. Ody , O. M. Ogreid , T. Ohl , C. Oleari , M. Olvegård , Y. Onel , H. Ono , W. Ootani , C. Orero , J. Osborne , K. Osterberg , J. Osterhoff , M. Ouchemhou , Q. Ouyang , S. Pagan Griso , R. Paparella , S. C. Park , J. Pata , J. R. Patterson , R. Pöschl , F. Peña , L. K Pedraza-Motavita , M. E. Peskin , F. Pilat , P. Piot , S. Plätzer , I. Polak , W. Porod , K. Potamianos , C. T. Potter , P. Poulose , J. G. Power , D. Protopopescu , H. R. Qi , J. Rabara Bailey , A. Racioppi , M. Raidal , J. P. Ralston , A. Rastogi , L. Reichenbach , L. Reichwein , L. Reina , J. Reuter , F. Richard , S. Riemann , R. A. Rimmer , T. Robens , A. Robson , G. Rodrigo , C. S. Rogan , J. Rojo , M. Q. Ruan , R. Ruber , S. Rudrabhatla , A. Ruiz Jimeno , Y. Sakaki , F. Salvatore , S. Sasikumar , T Schörner , A. Scheinker , S. Schroeder , C. B. Schroeder , I. Schulthess , M. Schumacher , A. Schwartzman , Y. Seiya , A. Senol , H. Sert , D. Sertore , A. Seryi , T. Shidara , K. Sjobak , I. Smiljanic , S. Spannagel , M. Spira , M. Stanitzki , S. Stapnes , D. Storey , J. Strube , S. Su , A. Subba , A. Subba , T. Suehara , K. Sugizaki , Z. Sun , T. Takahashi , T. Takeshita , T. Tauchi , G. Taylor , D. Terzani , T. Teubner , J. Tian , J. Timmermans , M. Titov , R. Tomas Garcia , T. Tong , J. M. Torndal , M. Trautwein , K. Tsumura , B. Tuchming , D. Tuckler , I. Turk Cakir , M. Tytgat , A. Ukleja , C. Vallee , R. Van Kooten , J. van Tilborg , A. Vauth , M. Vellasco , C. Vernieri , L. Verra , I. Vidakovic , H. Videau , I. Vila , M. Villaplana , M. Vos , N. Vukasinovic , N. Walker , K. Wandall-Christensen , Y. Wang , B. F. L. Ward , T. Watanabe , N. K. Watson , G. Weiglein , J. D. Wells , H. Wennlöf , M. Wenskat , S. Westhoff , J. W. Wetzel , A. P. White , P. H. Williams , M. Williams , G. W. Wilson , M. Wing , A. Winter , M. Winter , T. Wojton , J. C. Wood , W. Wuensch , X. Xia , H. Yamamoto , A. Yamamoto , K. Yamamoto , S. Yamashita , M. Yamauchi , M. Yoshioka , J. Zalesak , A. F. Zarnecki , K. Zembaczynski , D. Zerwas , W. Zhang , J. Zhang , Y. Zhang , M. Zielinski , M. Zobov

Using the laser backscattering method at future TeV linear colliders one can obtain gamma-gamma and electron-gamma colliding beams (photon colliders) with the energy and luminosity comparable to that in e+e- collisions. Now this option is…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Valery Telnov

We examine the signatures for noncommutative QED at $e^+e^-$ colliders with center of mass energies in excess of 1 TeV such as CLIC. For integrated luminosities of 1 ab$^{-1}$ or more, sensitivities to the associated mass scales greater…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. L. Hewett , F. J. Petriello , T. G. Rizzo

The general features of the Moller scattering and its use as an electron polarimeter are described and studied in view of the planned future high energy e^+e^- linear colliders. In particular the study concentrates on the TESLA collider…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-06-25 Gideon Alexander , Iuliana Cohen

An e+e- linear collider at 500-GeV C.M. (center of mass) has been proposed as a future accelerator. The C-band linear collider has more than a thousand klystrons and matching modulators. The linear colliders require smart modulators with…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. S. Oh , J. S. Bak , M. H. Cho , W. Namkung , K. H. Chung , T. Shintake , H. Matsumoto

The study of strong symmetry breaking at an e+e linear collider with sqrt(s)=0.5-1.5 TeV is reviewed. It is shown that processes such as e+e- --> nu nubar W+ W-, e+e- --> nu nubar t tbar, and and e+e- --> W+ W- can be used to measure chiral…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Timothy L. Barklow

The Future Circular Collider is a new proposed collider at CERN with centre-of-mass energies around 100 TeV in the pp mode. Ongoing studies aim at assessing its physics potential and technical feasibility. Here we focus on updates in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-23 N. Armesto , A. Dainese , D. d'Enterria , S. Masciocchi , C. Roland , C. A. Salgado , M. van Leeuwen , U. A. Wiedemann

High energy photon colliders based on laser backscattering are a very natural extension of a e+e- linear colliders and open new possibilities to study of the matter. This option has been included in the pre-conceptual designs of linear…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-06-25 Valery Telnov

An electron ion collider has been proposed in China (EicC). It is anticipated that the facility would provide polarised electrons, protons and ion beams, in collisions with large centre-of-mass energy. This discussion highlights its…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-12-02 Xurong Chen , Feng-Kun Guo , Craig D. Roberts , Rong Wang

The potential of a linear e+e- collider operated at a centre-of-mass energy of 350 GeV is studied for the measurement of the Higgs boson mass. An integrated luminosity of 500 fb-1 is assumed. For Higgs boson masses of 120, 150 and 180 GeV…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-06-25 P. Garcia-Abia , W. Lohmann , A. Raspereza