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We investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics, applying Barrow entropy for the horizon entropy. The former arises from the fact that the black-hole surface may be deformed due to quantum-gravitational effects,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-16 Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Spyros Basilakos

In the previous analyses in the literature about the generalized second law (GSL) in an accelerated expanding universe the usual area relation for the entropy, i.e. $S={A\over 4G}$, was used for the cosmological horizon entropy. But this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-14 H. Mohseni Sadjadi , Mubasher Jamil

We investigate the generalized second law for two-dimensional black holes in equilibrium (Hartle-Hawking) and nonequilibrium (Unruh) with the heat bath surrounding the black holes. We obtain a simple expression for the change of total…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Jeongwon Ho

We investigate the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSL) in generalized theories of gravity. We examine the total entropy evolution with time including the horizon entropy, the non-equilibrium entropy production, and the entropy of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-12-18 Shao-Feng Wu , Bin Wang , Guo-Hong Yang , Peng-Ming Zhang

We conjecture a universal upper bound to the entropy of a rotating system. The entropy bound follows from application of the generalized second law of thermodynamics to an idealized gedanken experiment in which an entropy-bearing rotating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Shahar Hod

We study the validity of Bekenstein's entropy bound for a charged black hole in the context of nonlinear electrodynamics. Bekenstein's inequalities are commonly understood as universal relations between the entropy, the charge, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-30 F. T. Falciano , M. L. Peñafiel , J. C. Fabris

Quantum buoyancy has been proposed as the mechanism protecting the generalized second law when an entropy--bearing object is slowly lowered towards a black hole and then dropped in. We point out that the original derivation of the buoyant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Jacob D. Bekenstein

Using the corrected entropy-area relation motivated by the loop quantum gravity, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in the framework of modified FRW cosmology. We consider a non-flat universe filled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-21 K. Karami , A. Sheykhi , N. Sahraei , S. Ghaffari

We investigate the variation of the charged anti-de Sitter black hole under charged particle absorption by considering thermodynamic volume. The variation exactly corresponds to that expected as the first law of thermodynamics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-27 Bogeun Gwak

In general yes, but also not quite. It is known that if the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is replaced by some kind of generalized entropy, then the Bekenstein bound may be grossly violated. In this work, we show that this undesired violation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-17 Hengxin Lu , Yen Chin Ong

A general Hamiltonian approach to black hole thermodynamics is used to study entropy and conserved charges for Kerr-AdS solutions in general relativity. These thermodynamic variables are first consistently defined by choosing suitable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-15 Milutin Blagojević , Branislav Cvetković

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

We investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics, in the cosmological scenario where dark energy interacts with both dark matter and radiation. Calculating separately the entropy variation for each fluid component…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-07-20 Mubasher Jamil , Emmanuel N. Saridakis , M. R. Setare

The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-16 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

I review various proposals for the nature of black hole entropy and for the mechanism behind the operation of the generalized second law. I stress the merits of entanglement entropy {\tenit qua\/} black hole entropy, and point out that,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Jacob D. Bekenstein

This work is to study the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in tachyon cosmology where the boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed by a dynamical apparent horizon. The model is constrained with the observational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-08 H. Farajollahi , A. Ravanpak , H. Shojaie , M. Abolghasemi

We evaluate the validity of the generalied second law for Kerr black holes perturbed by fermionic and bosonic fields. We derive that the critical frequency for a test field below which the area of a Kerr black hole would decrease, coincides…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-30 Koray Düztaş

The accretion of phantom fields by black holes within a thermodynamic context is addressed. For a fluid violating the dominant energy condition, case of a phantom fluid, the Euler and Gibbs relations permit two different possibilities for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. A. de Freitas Pacheco , J. E. Horvath

Jacob Bekenstein's identification of black hole event horizon area with entropy proved to be a landmark in theoretical physics. In this paper we trace the subsequent development of the resulting generalized second law of thermodynamics…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 P. C. W. Davies , Tamara M. Davis

The extended black hole thermodynamics in which the cosmological constant plays the role of pressure significantly enriches the phase structure of the theory. In order to understand the extended black hole thermodynamics more precisely, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-05 De-Chang Dai , Djordje Minic , Dejan Stojkovic