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Related papers: An Exact Universal Gravitational Lensing Equation

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It is standard practice to study the lensing of gravitational waves (GW) using the geometric optics regime. However, in many astrophysical configurations this regime breaks down as the wavelength becomes comparable to the Schwarzschild…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-26 Giulia Cusin , Macarena Lagos

Gravitational waves (GWs) from distant sources such as inspiralling and merging stellar-mass compact binaries, intermediate-mass and supermassive-binary-black-hole can be gravitationally lensed by intervening objects, ranging from stars and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhiwei Chen , Youjun Lu

Gravitational lensing - the deflection of light rays by gravitating matter - has become a major tool in the armoury of the modern cosmologist. Proposed nearly a hundred years ago as a key feature of Einstein's theory of General Relativity,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-29 Tommaso Treu , Richard S. Ellis

In this work, we study the gravitational lensing of Euler-Heisenberg black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. This kind of black hole solution enables us to investigate the nontrivial interplay between the dark matter effects and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-29 Ping Su , Chen-Kai Qiao

We investigate the so-called magnification relations of gravitational lensing models. We show that multidimensional residue integrals provide a simple explanation for the existence of these relations, and an effective method of computation.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Neal Dalal , Jeffrey M. Rabin

This course presents some applications of gravitational lensing to the measurement of masses of galaxies (galaxy-galaxy lensing, Eintein rings, perturbations of giant arcs) and cluster of galaxies (strong and weak lensing). This complements…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Y. Mellier

We present a formal derivation of the key equations governing gravitational lensing in arbitrary space-times, starting from the basic properties of Jacobi fields and their expressions in terms of the exponential map. A careful analysis of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-06 Paulo H. F. Reimberg , L. Raul Abramo

A global picture is drawn tying together most exact cosmological solutions of gravitational theories in four or more spacetime dimensions.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Robert T. Jantzen

Gravitational lensing has become one of the most interesting tools to study the mass distribution in the Universe. Since gravitational light deflection is independent of the nature and state of the matter, it is ideally suited to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Schneider

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of weak gravitational lensing and its current applications in cosmology. We begin by introducing the fundamental concepts of gravitational lensing and derive the key equations for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-06 J. Prat , D. Bacon

We discuss the classic theorem according to which a gravitational lens always produces a total magnification greater than unity. This theorem seems to contradict the conservation of total flux from a lensed source. The standard solution to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 O. Wucknitz

The purpose of these lecture notes is to describe the gravitational lens effects in different astrophysical contexts. These notes are voluntarily focused on the fundamental mechanisms and the basic concepts that are useful to describe these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Bernardeau

A generalized geometric method is developed for constructing exact solutions of gravitational field equations in Einstein theory and generalizations. First, we apply the formalism of nonholonomic frame deformations (formally considered for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Sergiu I. Vacaru

The gravitational lensing signal produced by a galaxy or a galaxy cluster is determined by its total matter distribution, providing us with a way to directly constrain their dark matter content. State-of-the-art numerical simulations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-27 Giulia Despali , Felix M. Heinze , Claudio Mastromarino

Gravitational lensing in metric theories of gravity is discussed. I introduce a generalized approximate metric element, inclusive of both post-post-Newtonian (ppN) contributions and gravito-magnetic field. Following Fermat's principle and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Sereno

When gravitational waves travel from their source to an observer, they interact with matter structures along their path, causing distinct deformations in their waveforms. In this study we introduce a novel theoretical framework for wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-31 Ginevra Braga , Alice Garoffolo , Angelo Ricciardone , Nicola Bartolo , Sabino Matarrese

We pursue a geometrical approach to gravitational lensing theory. We present a survey of the background theory of General Relativity, including particular properties of the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions. Next we outline a proof of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 Cameron Bloomer

Typical applications of gravitational lensing use the properties of electromagnetic or gravitational waves to infer the geometry through which those waves propagate. Nevertheless, the optical fields themselves - as opposed to their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-10 Abraham I. Harte

The integral formulation of Maxwell's equations expressed in terms of an arbitrary observer family in a curved spacetime is developed and used to clarify the meaning of the lines of force associated with observer-dependent electric and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 D. Bini , C. Germani , R. T. Jantzen

After exactly a century since the formulation of the general theory of relativity, the phenomenon of gravitational lensing is still an extremely powerful method for investigating in astrophysics and cosmology. Indeed, it is adopted to study…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-25 Francesco De Paolis , Mosè Giordano , Gabriele Ingrosso , Luigi Manni , Achille Nucita , Francesco Strafella