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We consider an alternative formula for time delay in gravitational lensing. Imposing a smoothness condition on the gravitationally deformed paths followed by the photons from the source to the observer, we show that our formula displays the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Nicola Alchera , Marco Bonici , Roberta Cardinale , Alba Domi , Nicola Maggiore , Chiara Righi , Silvano Tosi

In this note we review the problem of time delay of photons propagating in a spacetime with a metric that explicitly depends on the energy of the particles (Gravity-Rainbow approach). We show that corrections due to this approach -- which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. F. Grillo , E. Luzio , F. Mendez

Gravitational lensing in metric theories of gravity is discussed. I introduce a generalized approximate metric element, inclusive of both post-post-Newtonian (ppN) contributions and gravito-magnetic field. Following Fermat's principle and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Sereno

Gravitational lensing by rotating extended deflectors is discussed. Due to spin, corrections on image positions, caustics and critical curves can be significant. In order to obtain realistic quantitative estimates, the lens is modeled as a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Sereno

Gravitational waves (GWs) from distant sources such as inspiralling and merging stellar-mass compact binaries, intermediate-mass and supermassive-binary-black-hole can be gravitationally lensed by intervening objects, ranging from stars and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhiwei Chen , Youjun Lu

We analyzed the influence of static gravitational field on the vacuum and proposed the concept of inhomogeneous vacuum. According to the observational result of the light deflection in solar gravitational field as well as the corresponding…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Xing-Hao Ye , Qiang Lin

We present a formulation of observed number density fluctuations of gravitational-wave (GW) sources in a three dimensional space. In GW observations, redshift identification for each GW source is a challenging issue, in particular, for high…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Toshiya Namikawa

We propose a novel concept of astrophysical mirroring in the schwarzschild framework, which emerges as a direct consequence of gravitational lensing effects occurring in the immediate vicinity of extremely dense massive objects within…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-08 Bikramarka S Choudhury , Aritra Sanyal , Md Khalid Hossain , Farook Rahaman

In this letter a new formula for light deflection is derived using only physically observable concepts. The general result is specialized to cosmological perturbation theory and expressed in terms of gauge--invariant perturbation variables.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Ruth Durrer

Spin of a test particle is a fundamental property that can affect its motion in a gravitational field. In this work we consider the effect of particle spin on its deflection angle and gravitational lensing in the equatorial plane of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-05 Zhuoming Zhang , Gaofeng Fan , Junji Jia

This paper investigates the novel phenomenon of gravitational lensing experienced by gravitational waves traveling past a Schwarzschild black hole perturbed by a specific, first-order, polar gravitational wave. We utilize the Gauss-Bonnet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-23 Reggie C. Pantig , Ali Övgün

We solve the linearized Einstein equations for a specific oscillating mass distribution and discuss the usual counterarguments against the existence of observable gravitational retardations in the "near zone", where d/r << 1 (d =…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Thomas Chen , William D. Walker , Jurg Dual

We calculate the time delay of light in the gravitational field of a slowly moving body with arbitrary multipoles (mass and spin multipole moments) by the Time-Transfer-Function (TTF) formalism. The parameters we use, first introduced by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-12-30 Michael H. Soffel , Wen-Biao Han

The effect of gravitational wave of cosmological wavelength on the gravitational lensing is investigated. When the source, deflector, and observer are aligned in a highly symmetric configuration, an Einstein ring will be observed by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-04 Wenshuai Liu

Deviations from geodesic motion caused by gravitational radiation have been discussed in the last decades to describe the motion of particles or photons in strong fields around collapsed objects. On cosmological scale this effect, which in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-08-12 Ernst Fischer

Strong gravitational lensing of time variable sources such as quasars and supernovae creates observable time delays between the multiple images. Time delays can provide a powerful cosmographic probe through the "time delay distance"…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-18 Alireza Hojjati , Alex G. Kim , Eric V. Linder

We explore different facets of the action of linearized gravitational waves in Minkowski spacetime background upon light, under the electromagnetic geometrical optics limit, covering the main aspects: light trajectory perturbations, radar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-05 João C. Lobato , Isabela S. Matos , Lucas T. Santana , Ribamar R. R. Reis , Maurício O. Calvão

Equations of light, propagating from quasar to observer on earth, are integrated in the time-dependent gravitational field of the solar system by making use of either retarded or advanced solutions of the Einstein field equations. This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergei M. Kopeikin

We give a physical interpretation of the formalism intrinsic degeneracies of the gravitational lensing formalism that we derived on a mathematical basis in part IV of this series. We find that all degeneracies occur due to the partition of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-19 Jenny Wagner

Light deflection in the post-linear gravitational field of two bounded point-like masses is treated. Both the light source and the observer are assumed to be located at infinity in an asymptotically flat space. The equations of light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Michael H. Brügmann
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