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An intriguing open problem in general relativity is whether a stationary equilibrium configuration of multiple, physically relevant black holes can exist. In such a hypothetical setup, the gravitational attraction would need to be balanced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-15 Jörg Hennig

In this review, I have tried to focus on the development of the field, from the first speculations to the current lines of research. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, black holes are relatively simple objects and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Cosimo Bambi

Black hole solutions are explored in the Lorentz gauge theory of gravity. The fields of the theory are the gauge potential in the adjoint and a scalar in the fundamental representation of the Lorentz group, a metric tensor then emerging as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-06 Tomi S. Koivisto , Luxi Zheng

We consider the fundamental issues which dominate the question about the existence or non-existence of black hole horizons and singularities from both of the theoretical and observational points of view, and discuss some of the ways that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-12-01 C. Corda , D. Leiter , H. J. Mosquera Cuesta , S. Robertson , R. E. Schild

In this paper we prove integrated energy and pointwise decay estimates for solutions of the vacuum linearized Einstein equation on the domain of outer communication of the Kerr black hole spacetime. The estimates are valid for the full…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Lars Andersson , Thomas Bäckdahl , Pieter Blue , Siyuan Ma

The modern notion of a black hole singularity is considered with reference to the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations of general relativity. A brief derivation of both the original and the modern line elements is given. The…

General Physics · Physics 2008-06-09 M. Anyon , J. Dunning-Davies

We find an exact black hole solution with a minimally coupled scalar field. The corresponding spacetime has two horizons and one of the them is the black hole event horizon and the other is the cosmic horizon. In this sense, the solution is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-13 Shuang Yu , Changjun Gao

We consider a vacuum static spacetime in a finite size cavity. On the boundary, we specify a metric and a finite constant local temperature $T$. No spherical or any other spatial symmetry is assumed. We show that (i) inside a cavity, only a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-27 O. B. Zaslavskii

We consider rotating black hole configurations of self-gravitating maps from spacetime into arbitrary Riemannian manifolds. We first establish the integrability conditions for the Killing fields generating the stationary and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 M. Heusler

In a seminal paper of 1917, H. Weyl presented a remarkable reduction of the static axisymmetric vacuum Einstein equations, serving as a relatively straightforward technique to generate and explore new solutions. Weyl's reduction was used by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-08 Martín Reiris , Javier Peraza

We introduce a 'quasi-topological` term [1] in D=1+1 dimensions and the entropy for black holes is calculated [2]. The source of entropy in this case is justified by a non-null stress-energy tensor.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Pinheiro , F. C. Khanna

Although black holes are objects of central importance across many fields of physics, there is no agreed upon definition for them, a fact that does not seem to be widely recognized. Physicists in different fields conceive of and reason…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Erik Curiel

The conditions are clarified under which regular (i.e., singularity-free) black holes can exist. It is shown that in a large class of spacetimes that satisfy the weak energy condition the existence of a regular black hole requires topology…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Arvind Borde

Analyzing exact solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations in the Kerr-Schild formalism we show that black hole horizon is instable with respect to electromagnetic excitations. Contrary to perturbative smooth harmonic solutions, the exact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-03-18 Alexander Burinskii

Everybody knows what the classical black holes are. In short, this is a spacetime region beyond the so-called event horizon. The notion of the event horizon is mathematically well defined. The situation with a definition of quantum black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Victor Berezin

The present equilibrium formulation of thermodynamics for black holes has several drawbacks, such as assuming the same temperature for black hole and heat bath. Recently the author formulated non-equilibrium thermodynamics for glassy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

We prove that the only four dimensional, stationary, rotating, asymptotically flat (analytic) vacuum black hole with a single degenerate horizon is given by the extremal Kerr solution. We also prove a similar uniqueness theorem for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Aaron J. Amsel , Gary T. Horowitz , Donald Marolf , Matthew M. Roberts

We present a new solution in Einstein's General Relativity representing a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in a rotating universe. Such a solution is constructed analytically by means of the last unexplored Lie point symmetry of the Ernst…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-08 Marco Astorino , Riccardo Martelli , Adriano Viganò

We study the property of matter in equilibrium with a static, spherically symmetric black hole in D-dimensional spacetime. It requires this kind of matter has an equation of state (\omega\equiv p_r/\rho=-1/(1+2kn), k,n\in \mathbb{N}), which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-18 Chao Cao , Yi-Xin Chen , Jian-Long Li

Continuous sequences of asymptotically flat solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell equations describing regular equilibrium configurations of ordinary matter can reach a black hole limit. For a distant observer, the spacetime becomes more and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-12 Reinhard Meinel , Martin Breithaupt , Yu-Chun Liu