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We discuss some features of Einstein-Proca gravity in D=3 and 4 space-times. Our study includes a discussion on the tree-level unitarity and on the issue of light deflection in 3D gravity in the presence of a mass term.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Carlos Pinheiro , Gentil O. Pires , Fernando A. B. Rabelo de Carvalho

The purpose of this work is to present a model for 3D massive gravity with topological and higher-derivative terms. Causality and unitarity are discussed at tree-level. Power-counting renormalizability is also contemplated.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Carlos Pinheiro , Gentil O. Pires , Claudio Sasaki

We study and discuss some of the consequences of the inclusion of torsion in 3D Einstein-Chern-Simons gravity. Torsion may trigger the excitation of non-physical modes in the spectrum. Higher-derivative terms are then added up and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 J. L. Boldo , L. M. de Moraes , J. A. Helayel-Neto

A wide class of three-dimensional gravity models can be put into "Chern-Simons-like" form. We perform a Hamiltonian analysis of the general model and then specialise to Einstein-Cartan Gravity, General Massive Gravity, the recently proposed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-15 Eric A. Bergshoeff , Olaf Hohm , Wout Merbis , Alasdair J. Routh , Paul K. Townsend

Massive gravity models in 2+1 dimensions, such as those obtained by adding to Einstein's gravity the usual Fierz-Pauli, or the more complicated Ricci scalar squared ($R^2$), terms, are tree level unitary. Interesting enough these seemingly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Antonio Accioly , Marco Dias

We present a "Chern-Simons-like" action for the "general massive gravity" model propagating two spin-2 modes with independent masses in three spacetime dimensions (3D), and we use it to find a simple Hamiltonian form of this model. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Olaf Hohm , Alasdair Routh , Paul K. Townsend , Baocheng Zhang

In three dimensions, there are two distinct mass-generating mechanisms for gauge fields: adding the usual Proca/Pauli-Fierz, or the more esoteric Chern-Simons (CS), terms. Here we analyze the three-term models where both types are present,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 S. Deser , Bayram Tekin

In this PhD thesis, we investigate a wide class of three-dimensional massive gravity models and show how most of them (if not all) can be brought in a first-order, Chern-Simons-like, formulation. This allows for a general analysis of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-26 Wout Merbis

We consider three dimensional gravity with a positive cosmological constant and non- zero gravitational Chern-Simons term. This theory has inflating de Sitter solutions and local metric degrees of freedom. The Euclidean signature partition…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-11-23 Alejandra Castro , Nima Lashkari , Alexander Maloney

We investigate the Chern-Simons-like formulation of exotic general massive gravity models within the framework of third-way to three-dimensional gravity. We classify our construction into two main approaches: one using torsional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-03 Büşra Dedeoğlu , Mehmet Ozkan , Özgür Sarıoğlu

It is well known that gravity in 2+1 dimensions can be recast as Chern-Simons theory, with the gauge group given by the local isometry group, depending on the metric signature and the cosmological constant. Point particles are added into…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-16 Tomasz Trześniewski

We include a Chern-Simons term in a GL(3,R) gauge formulation of gravity with a cosmological contribution in 2+1 dimension and we explore consistence showing that excitations must be causal and standard topological massive gravity is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Rolando Gaitan

We analyze (2+1)-dimensional gravity with a Chern--Simons term and a negative cosmological constant, primarily at the weak field level. The full theory is expressible as the sum of two higher derivative SL(2,R) "vector" Chern-Simons terms,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip , S. Deser , A. Waldron , D. K. Wise

We study topologically massive (2+1)-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant. The masses of the linearized curvature excitations about AdS_3 backgrounds are not only shifted from their flat background values but, more…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip , S. Deser , A. Waldron , D. K. Wise

We investigate the topologically new massive gravity in three dimensions. It turns out that a single massive mode is propagating in the flat spacetime, comparing to the conformal Chern-Simons gravity which has no physically propagating…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-03-27 Yong-Wan Kim , Yun Soo Myung , Young-Jai Park

Partially massless theory in three dimensions is revisited and its relationship with the self-dual massive gravity is considered. The only mode of the partially massless theory is shown explicitly through an action for a scalar field on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-04 Daniel Galviz , Adel Khoudeir

In this work we consider a model for gravity in 4-dimensional space-time originally proposed by A. Chamseddine which may be derived by a 5-dimensional Chern-Simons theory. Its topological origin makes it an interesting candidate for an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-06 Bruno Neves

The locally supersymmetric extension of the most general gravity theory in three dimensions leading to first order field equations for the vielbein and the spin connection is constructed. Apart from the Einstein-Hilbert term with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Alex Giacomini , Ricardo Troncoso , Steven Willison

We present a new mass generation mechanism for linearized gravity in three spacetime dimensions, which consists of a lower-dimensional Chern-Simons-like term added to the invariant action. The propagators of the gauge fixed massive action…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-20 Erica Bertolini , Edoardo Lui , Nicola Maggiore

We provide a metric-like formulation of the spin-3 gravity in three dimensions. It is shown that the Chern-Simons formulation of the spin-3 gravity can be reformulated as a Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory coupled with the higher-spin…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Zhi-Qiang Guo
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