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We study the algebra of constraints of quantum gravity in the loop representation based on Ashtekar's new variables. We show by direct computation that the quantum commutator algebra reproduces the classical Poisson bracket one, in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Rodolfo Gambini , Alcides Garat , Jorge Pullin

We point out an incompleteness of formulations of gravitational and gauge theories that use traces of holonomies around closed curves as their basic variables. It is shown that in general such loop variables have to satisfy certain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 R. Loll

Loop quantum gravity corrections, in the presence of inhomogeneities, can lead to a deformed constraint algebra. Such a deformation implies that the effective theory is no longer generally covariant. As a consequence, the geometrical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 Rakesh Tibrewala

Gauge-invariant field strengths, defined as parallel transports to infinity of ordinary field strengths, naturally emerge in a few physical phenomena governed by $QCD$. One of them is confinement of colour. Despite the arbitrariness in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-06-06 Adriano Di Giacomo

The Gauss-Bonnet gravity is a special case of so-called Quadratic Gravity, which is an extension of Einstein's theory with additional terms in action that are quadratic combinations of the Riemann tensor and its contractions. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-03 Ondrej Hruska , Jiri Podolsky

We study gauge and gravitational field theories in which the gauge fixing conditions are imposed as constraints on classical fields. Quantization of fluctuations can be performed in a BRST invariant manner, while the main novelty is that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Gregory Gabadadze , Yanwen Shang

The proof of gauge invariance of the quantum electrodynamics of photons and electrons does not apply directly to the quantum electrodynamics of photons, electrons, and nuclei because multi-electron atoms belong to the space of asymptotic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-26 M. I. Krivoruchenko

It is well known that all physically relevant states of gauge theories lie in the sectors of the Hilbert space which satisfy the Gauss law. On the lattice, the manifeslty gauge invariant subspace is known to be exactly spanned by gauged…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-07 Gertian Roose , Erez Zohar

We review aspects of loop quantum gravity in a pedagogical manner, with the aim of enabling a precise but critical assessment of its achievements so far. We emphasise that the off-shell (`strong') closure of the constraint algebra is a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Hermann Nicolai , Kasper Peeters , Marija Zamaklar

Within the framework of the universal algebra of the electromagnetic field, the impact of globally neutral configurations of external charges on the field is analyzed. External charges are not affected by the field, but they induce…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Detlev Buchholz , Fabio Ciolli , Giuseppe Ruzzi , Ezio Vasselli

We reconsider the Rovelli-Smolin model of gravity coupled to the Klein-Gordon time field with an eye towards capturing the degrees of freedom of the scalar field lost in the framework in which time is deparametrized by the scalar field.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-03 Jerzy Lewandowski , Hanno Sahlmann

Loop quantum gravity, a non-perturbative and manifestly background free, quantum theory of gravity implies that at the kinematical level the spatial geometry is discrete in a specific sense. The spirit of background independence also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-12 Ghanashyam Date , Golam Mortuza Hossain

We show the inconsistency of the argument linking the integral quantum Hall effect to gauge invariance. The inconsistency mainly consists of equating gauge and real vector potential transformations for a particular system geometry. Correct…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Reinhold Brueckner

The loop quantization of 3d gravity consists in defining the Hilbert space of states satisfying the Gau{\ss} constraint and the flatness constraint. The Gau{\ss} constraint is enforced at the kinematical level by introducing spin networks…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-09 Clement Delcamp , Laurent Freidel , Florian Girelli

Time-independent gauge transformations are implemented in the canonical formalism by the Gauss law which is not covariant. The covariant form of Gauss law is conceptually important for studying asymptotic properties of the gauge fields. For…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-13 A. P. Balachandran , Arshad Momen , Amilcar R. de Queiroz

A new representation for canonical gravity and supergravity is presented, which combines advantages of Ashtekar's and the Wheeler~DeWitt representation: it has a nice geometric structure and the singular metric problem is absent. A formal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Hans-Juergen Matschull

We explore the extension of quantum cosmology outside the homogeneous approximation, using the formalism of loop quantum gravity. We introduce a model where some of the inhomogeneous degrees of freedom are present, providing a tool for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-18 Carlo Rovelli , Francesca Vidotto

We discuss the theory of knots, and describe how knot invariants arise naturally in gravitational physics. The focus of this review is to delineate the relationship between knot theory and the loop representation of non-perturbative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Tomas Liko , Louis H. Kauffman

Spherically symmetric models of loop quantum gravity have been studied recently by different methods that aim to deal with structure functions in the usual constraint algebra of gravitational systems. As noticed by Gambini and Pullin, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-09 Martin Bojowald , Suddhasattwa Brahma , Juan D. Reyes

The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by "deriving it without assuming it" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-26 Karl-Henning Rehren