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A mass distribution is analyzed in terms of classical gravitational field theory. Newton's law of gravitation is consistently applied on the assumption that the equivalence of energy and mass according to Einstein's theory of relativity is…
A simple and {\it innocent} modification of Poisson's equation leads to a modified Newtonnian theory of gravitation where a localized and {\it positive} energy density of the gravitational field contributes to its own source. The result is…
There are well-known problems associated with the idea of (local) gravitational energy in general relativity. We offer a new perspective on those problems by comparison with Newtonian gravitation, and particularly geometrized Newtonian…
Based on a tentative interpretation of gravity as a pressure force, a scalar theory of gravity was previously investigated. It assumes gravitational contraction (dilation) of space (time) standards. In the static case, the same Newton law…
By mass-energy equivalence, the gravitational field has a relativistic mass density proportional to its energy density. I seek to better understand this mass of the gravitational field by asking whether it plays three traditional roles of…
The equivalence principle in combination with the special relativistic equivalence between mass and energy, $E=mc^2$, is one of the cornerstones of general relativity. However, for composite systems a long-standing result in general…
In Newtonian gravity it is a moot question whether energy should be localized in the field or inside matter. An argument from relativity suggests a compromise in which the contribution from the field in vacuum is positive definite. We show…
We apply the principle of energy conservation to the motion of the test particle in gravitational field by requiring that its energy, gained by gravitation, has to be balanced by decrease of its rest mass. Due to the change of mass in…
In my lectures I will deal with three seemingly unrelated problems: i) to what extent is general relativity exceptional among metric gravity theories? ii) is it possible to define gravitational energy density applying field-theory approach…
After a brief review of the Maxwell-like approach to gravity we consider the issue of the negative energy of gravitational field which is a consequence of the field approach to the phenomenon of gravitation. Due to the existence of the…
The active mass density in Einstein's theory of gravitation in the analog of Poisson's equation in a local inertial system is proportional to $\rho+3p/c^2$. Here $\rho$ is the density of energy and $p$ its pressure for a perfect fluid. By…
In this review we present the theoretical background for treating General Relativity as an effective field theory and focus on the concrete results of such a treatment. As a result we present the calculations of the low-energy leading…
Gravitationally bound neutrons have become an important tool in the experimental searches for new physics, such as modifications to Newton's force or candidates for dark matter particles. Here we include the relativistic effects of…
The cause of an infringement in GR of a gravitational field energy conservation law is investigated . The equation of a gravitational field not contradicting to the energy conservation law is suggested. This equation satisfy to the…
We give a derivation of the Einstein equation for gravity which employs a definition of the local energy density of the gravitational field as a symmetric second rank tensor whose value for each observer gives the trace of the spatial part…
The energy of gravitating systems has been an issue since Einstein proposed general relativity: considered to be ill defined, having no proper local density. Energy-momentum is now regarded as \emph{quasi-local} (associated with a closed…
We derive an action whose equations of motion contain the Poisson equation of Newtonian gravity. The construction requires a new notion of Newton--Cartan geometry based on an underlying symmetry algebra that differs from the usual Bargmann…
The gravitational energy shift for photons is extended to all mass-equivalent energies $E = mc^2$, obeying the quantum condition $E = h\nu$.On an example of a relativistic binary system, it was shown that the gravitational energy shift…
We consider gravitational self interaction in the lowest approximation and assume that graviton interacts with gravitational energy-momentum tensor in the same way as it interacts with particles. We show that, using gravitational vertex…
The Newtonian approximation for the gravitational field equation should not necessarily involve admission of non-relativistic properties of the source terms in Einstein's equations: it is sufficient to merely consider the weak-field…